Dating Violence Victimization among Adolescents in Europe: Baseline Results from the Lights4Violence Project
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Main Outcome
2.3. Covariates
2.4. Data Analyses
2.5. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Girls (n = 555) | Boys (n = 435) | p-Value a |
---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | ||
Father’s employment | 0.844 | ||
Non-paid work | 54 (10.5) | 41 (10.4) | |
Paid work | 462 (89.5) | 352 (89.6) | |
Physical and sexual abuse in childhood | 0.777 | ||
Yes | 119 (21.7) | 96 (22.8) | |
No | 430 (78.3) | 325 (77.2) | |
Mean (SD c) | Mean (SD c) | p-value b | |
Age | 14.4 (1.5) | 14.2 (1.4) | 0.035 |
Social Support | |||
Teacher | 48.8 (12.6) | 51.7 (12.8) | <0.001 |
Parents | 51.0 (12.3) | 55.1 (10.9) | <0.001 |
Close friend | 60.4 (10.1) | 57.0 (12.3) | <0.001 |
ASI d-Benevolent Sexism | 27.9 (10.9) | 30.3 (10.3) | <0.001 |
ASI d-Hostile Sexism | 23.9 (10.1) | 29.6 (10.0) | <0.001 |
MVQ e-Violence Acceptance | 4.6 (3.2) | 7.7 (3.1) | <0.001 |
MVQ e-Machismo | 6.9 (6.4) | 12.0 (8.7) | <0.001 |
SPSI-R f-Problem-solving | 58.4 (14.1) | 59.1 (12.6) | 0.236 |
Variable | Girls | Boys | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes Dating Violence | No Dating Violence | p-Value b | Yes Dating Violence | No Dating Violence | p-Value a | |
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
Age groups | <0.001 | 0.019 | ||||
≤ 13 years | 33 (20.5) | 128 (79.5) | 28 (19.2) | 118 (80.8) | ||
14–15 years | 92 (35.4) | 168 (64.6) | 57 (28.5) | 143 (71.5) | ||
>15 years | 63 (48.5) | 67 (51.5) | 28 (35.9) | 50 (64.1) | ||
Father’s employment | 0.004 | 0.697 | ||||
Unpaid work | 28 (51.9) | 26 (48.1) | 12 (29.3) | 29 (70.7) | ||
Paid work | 149 (32.3) | 313 (67.7) | 93 (26.4) | 259 (73.6) | ||
Physical and sexual abuse in childhood | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Yes | 69 (58.0) | 50 (42.0) | 42 (43.8) | 54 (56.3) | ||
No | 117 (27.2) | 313 (72.8) | 70 (21.5) | 255 (78.5) | ||
Mean (SD c) | Mean (SD c) | p-value b | Mean (SD c) | Mean (SD c) | p-value b | |
Age | 14.8 (1.3) | 14.2 (1.5) | <0.001 | 14.5 (1.4) | 14.1 (1.4) | 0.024 |
Social Support | ||||||
Teacher | 45.5 (11.4) | 50.5 (12.9) | <0.001 | 48.6 (13.1) | 52.8 (12.6) | 0.003 |
Parents | 47.3 (11.6) | 52.9 (12.3) | <0.001 | 50.4 (11.4) | 56.8 (10.2) | <0.001 |
Close friend | 58.6 (11.1) | 61.4 (9.4) | 0.002 | 55.1 (13.4) | 57.6 (11.8) | 0.059 |
ASI d-Benevolent Sexism | 28.8 (10.5) | 27.4 (11.1) | 0.148 | 30.3 (10.7) | 30.3 (10.1) | 0.95 |
ASI d-Hostile Sexism | 25.3 (10.8) | 23.2 (9.6) | 0.018 | 31.5 (10.1) | 29.0 (9.9) | 0.021 |
MVQ e-Violence Acceptance | 5.2 (3.3) | 4.3 (3.0) | 0.001 | 7.8 (3.1) | 7.7 (3.1) | 0.794 |
MVQ e-Machismo | 8.8 (7.0) | 6.0 (5.9) | <0.001 | 14.7 (8.8) | 11.0 (8.5) | <0.001 |
SPSI-R f-Problem-solving | 55.3 (12.9) | 59.9 (14.5) | <0.001 | 57.5 (12.3) | 59.7 (12.7) | 0.118 |
Variable (Reference) | Crude Model | Adjusted Model | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PR b | CI c 95% | p-Value | PR b | CI c 95% | p-Value | |||
Age | 1.20 | 1.10 | 1.30 | <0.001 | 1.08 | 0.95 | 1.23 | 0.268 |
Father’s employment (Paid work) | ||||||||
Unpaid work | 1.61 | 1.20 | 2.15 | 0.001 | 1.39 | 1.05 | 1.85 | 0.024 |
Physical and sexual abuse in childhood (No) | ||||||||
Yes | 2.13 | 1.71 | 2.65 | <0.001 | 1.69 | 1.33 | 2.16 | <0.001 |
Social Support | ||||||||
Teacher | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.99 | <0.001 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.01 | 0.342 |
Parents | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.99 | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 0.741 |
Close friend | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.001 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.01 | 0.270 |
ASI d-Benevolent Sexism | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 0.143 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 0.025 |
ASI d-Hostile Sexism | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 0.024 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 0.907 |
MVQ e-Violence Acceptance | 1.06 | 1.02 | 1.10 | 0.001 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 1.04 | 0.924 |
MVQ e-Machismo | 1.04 | 1.02 | 1.05 | <0.001 | 1.02 | 1.00 | 1.05 | 0.022 |
SPSI-Rf Problem-solving | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.99 | <0.001 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.084 |
Variable (Reference) | Crude Model | Adjusted Model | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PR b | CI c 95% | p-Value | PR b | CI c 95% | p-Value | |||
Age | 1.14 | 1.02 | 1.27 | 0.019 | 0.86 | 0.72 | 1.02 | 0.084 |
Father’s employment (Paid work) | ||||||||
Unpaid work | 1.11 | 0.67 | 1.84 | 0.693 | 0.99 | 0.61 | 1.61 | 0.956 |
Physical and sexual abuse in childhood (No) | ||||||||
Yes | 2.03 | 1.49 | 2.76 | <0.001 | 1.48 | 1.07 | 2.06 | 0.018 |
Social Support | ||||||||
Teacher | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.002 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.01 | 0.779 |
Parents | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.98 | <0.001 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.99 | <0.001 |
Close friend | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.004 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 0.212 |
ASI d-Benevolent Sexism | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.02 | 0.951 | 1.01 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 0.444 |
ASI d-Hostile Sexism | 1.02 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 0.020 | 1.02 | 1.00 | 1.04 | 0.019 |
MVQ e-Violence Acceptance | 1.01 | 0.96 | 1.06 | 0.795 | 0.92 | 0.87 | 0.98 | 0.009 |
MVQ e-Machismo | 1.03 | 1.02 | 1.05 | <0.001 | 1.04 | 1.02 | 1.07 | <0.001 |
SPSI-R f Problem-Solving | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.110 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 0.594 |
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Vives-Cases, C.; Sanz-Barbero, B.; Ayala, A.; Pérez-Martínez, V.; Sánchez-SanSegundo, M.; Jaskulska, S.; Antunes das Neves, A.S.; Forjaz, M.J.; Pyżalski, J.; Bowes, N.; et al. Dating Violence Victimization among Adolescents in Europe: Baseline Results from the Lights4Violence Project. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 1414. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041414
Vives-Cases C, Sanz-Barbero B, Ayala A, Pérez-Martínez V, Sánchez-SanSegundo M, Jaskulska S, Antunes das Neves AS, Forjaz MJ, Pyżalski J, Bowes N, et al. Dating Violence Victimization among Adolescents in Europe: Baseline Results from the Lights4Violence Project. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(4):1414. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041414
Chicago/Turabian StyleVives-Cases, Carmen, Belén Sanz-Barbero, Alba Ayala, Vanesa Pérez-Martínez, Miriam Sánchez-SanSegundo, Sylwia Jaskulska, Ana Sofia Antunes das Neves, Maria João Forjaz, Jacek Pyżalski, Nic Bowes, and et al. 2021. "Dating Violence Victimization among Adolescents in Europe: Baseline Results from the Lights4Violence Project" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1414. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041414