Disclosure in Online vs. Face-to-Face Occupational Health Screenings: A Cross-Sectional Study in Belgian Hospital Employees
Abstract
:1. Introduction
“Keep a watch also on the faults of the patients, which often make them lie about the taking of things prescribed”(Hippocrates of Kos, Decorum)
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Levels | Mean/Count | Proportion/Standard Deviation |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 143 | 18.5% |
Female | 631 | 81.4% | |
Other | 1 | 0.1% | |
Age | Numeric [0–66] | 45.39 | 11.2 |
Income | Income 1500.00–1999.99 monthly | 240 | 37.1% |
Income 2000.00–2499.99 monthly | 241 | 37.2% | |
Income 2500.00–2999.99 monthly | 76 | 11.7% | |
Income 3000.00–4999.99 monthly | 26 | 4% | |
Income > 5000.00 monthly | 5 | 0.8% | |
Income not stated | 59 | 9.1% | |
Nationality | Belgian | 763 | 98.3% |
Migrant inside EU | 9 | 1.2% | |
Migrant outside EU | 4 | 0.5% | |
Education | No degree | 7 | 0.9% |
Primary education | 23 | 3% | |
Secondary education | 141 | 18.2% | |
Higher education | 588 | 75.8% | |
Other education | 17 | 2.2% | |
Household | Single | 89 | 11.5% |
Single with child(ren) | 63 | 8.1% | |
Couple with child(ren) | 480 | 61.9% | |
Couple without child(ren) | 122 | 15.7% | |
Other | 22 | 2.8% | |
Hospital | Hospital A | 197 | 25.4% |
Hospital B | 266 | 34.3% | |
Hospital C | 214 | 27.6% | |
Hospital D | 99 | 12.8% | |
Occupation | Medical Personnel | 394 | 52.6% |
Paramedics | 20 | 2.7% | |
Technicians | 56 | 7.5% | |
Administrative Personnel | 120 | 16% | |
Management | 34 | 4.5% | |
Cleaning Staff | 34 | 4.5% | |
Other occupations | 91 | 12.1% | |
Musculoskeletal (NMQ) 1 | Complaint last 12 m | 701 | 90.3% |
Complaint last 7 d | 558 | 72.0% | |
Functioning complaint | 358 | 46.1% | |
Skin (NOSQ) 2 | Skin complaint | 155 | 20.0% |
General Mental Health (GHQ) 3 | Numeric [0–12] | 2.07 | 2.9 |
Need for Recovery (NFR) 4 | Numeric [0–11] | 3.78 | 2.8 |
EQ5D Visual Analogue Scale | Numeric [0–100] | 78.95 | 14.6 |
Respiratory (mMRC) 5 | Occasional breathlessness | 141 | 18.2% |
Severe breathlessness | 40 | 5.2% | |
Alcohol Use Disorders (AUDIT-C) 6 | Numeric [0–12] | 2.03 | 1.6 |
Burnout (COPSOQ) 7 | Moderate risk of burnout (50–74) | 286 | 37.9% |
High risk of burnout (75–99) | 98 | 12.6% | |
Severe risk of burnout (100) | 3 | 0.03% | |
Stress (COPSOQ) 7 | Numeric [0–12] | 4.01 | 2.5 |
Absence (iPCQ) 8 | Absent at least once last 4 weeks | 74 | 0.1% |
Days absent last 4 weeks [0–28] | 1.34 | 5.4 | |
Trust in Physician score | Numeric [0–55] | 37.85 | 6.17 |
Relationship with the occupational physician (OP) | Known OP for more than 5 years | 327 | 42.2% |
Known OP for 3–4 years | 135 | 17.4% | |
Known OP for 1–2 years | 165 | 21.3% | |
Known OP less than 1 year | 147 | 19% | |
Prescribed medication use in the last 2 weeks | Yes | 397 | 51.2% |
Medication dependence—used recreationally | Never | 718 | 92.6% |
Monthly or less | 44 | 5.7% | |
2–4 times per month | 9 | 1.2% | |
2–3 times per week | 2 | 0.3% | |
4 or more times per week | 2 | 0.3% |
Intention to Disclose to Occupational Physician | Intention to Disclose to Survey | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Problems With: | Yes n (%) | No n (%) | Yes n (%) | No n (%) |
Physical Health 1 | 708 (91.7%) | 64 (8.3%) | 727 (94.2%) | 45 (5.8%) |
Mental Health 2 | 665 (86.1%) | 107 (13.9%) | 703 (91.1%) | 69 (9.0%) |
Health-related factors affecting work | 711 (92.3%) | 59 (7.7%) | 713 (92.4%) | 59 (7.6%) |
Use of medication 3 | 722 (93.6%) | 49 (6.4%) | 698 (90.4%) | 74 (9.6%) |
Lifestyle | 701 (91.0%) | 70 (9.1%) | 700 (90.7%) | 72 (9.3%) |
Dependent Variable | |||
---|---|---|---|
Intention to Conceal (0–10) | Intention to Conceal from Survey (0–5) | Intention to Conceal from Occupational Physician (0–5) | |
Gender (reference = Female) | |||
Male | 0.369 * | 0.330 ** | 0.018 |
0.181 | 0.112 | 0.103 | |
Other sex | −0.114 | −0.495 | 0.358 |
1.906 | 1.186 | 1.089 | |
Age | −0.021 ** | −0.011 ** | −0.010 ** |
0.007 | 0.004 | 0.004 | |
Hospital (reference = Hospital A) | |||
Hospital B | 0.061 | 0.084 | 0.002 |
0.205 | 0.127 | 0.117 | |
Hospital C | −0.028 | 0.056 | −0.066 |
0.189 | 0.117 | 0.108 | |
Hospital D | 0.510 * | 0.06 | 0.452 ** |
0.232 | 0.144 | 0.132 | |
Education (reference = Higher education) | |||
No degree | 1.033 | 0.65 | 0.388 |
0.697 | 0.434 | 0.398 | |
Primary education | 0.839 * | 0.254 | 0.577 * |
0.401 | 0.249 | 0.229 | |
Secondary education | 0.560 ** | 0.297 ** | 0.278 ** |
0.182 | 0.113 | 0.104 | |
Other education | 0.497 | 0.456 | 0.033 |
0.461 | 0.287 | 0.263 | |
Score trust in physician 1 | −0.080 ** | −0.021 ** | −0.058 ** |
0.011 | 0.007 | 0.007 | |
Relationship with Occupational Physician (OP) (reference = >5 years) | |||
Known OP for 3–4 years | −0.313 | −0.135 | −0.17 |
0.202 | 0.125 | 0.115 | |
Known OP for 1–2 years | −0.144 | −0.051 | −0.108 |
0.207 | 0.129 | 0.118 | |
Known OP less than 1 year | −0.189 | −0.086 | −0.122 |
0.232 | 0.144 | 0.132 | |
EQ5D VAS 2 | 0.002 | −0.001 | 0.004 |
0.005 | 0.003 | 0.003 | |
General Mental Health (GHQ) 3 | −0.038 | −0.023 | −0.012 |
0.026 | 0.016 | 0.015 | |
Has taken medication in last 2 weeks | 0.332 ** | 0.137 * | 0.194 ** |
0.102 | 0.063 | 0.058 | |
Medication dependence—used recreationally | 0.387 * | 0.164 | 0.215 * |
0.169 | 0.105 | 0.097 | |
Alcohol Use Disorders (AUDIT-C 4 score) | −0.172 ** | −0.066 * | −0.098 ** |
0.044 | 0.027 | 0.025 | |
Constant | 4.462 ** | 1.655 ** | 2.736 ** |
0.724 | 0.449 | 0.413 |
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Steel, J.S.; Godderis, L.; Luyten, J. Disclosure in Online vs. Face-to-Face Occupational Health Screenings: A Cross-Sectional Study in Belgian Hospital Employees. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 1460. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041460
Steel JS, Godderis L, Luyten J. Disclosure in Online vs. Face-to-Face Occupational Health Screenings: A Cross-Sectional Study in Belgian Hospital Employees. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(4):1460. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041460
Chicago/Turabian StyleSteel, Jonas Stefaan, Lode Godderis, and Jeroen Luyten. 2021. "Disclosure in Online vs. Face-to-Face Occupational Health Screenings: A Cross-Sectional Study in Belgian Hospital Employees" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1460. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041460