Health-Related Social and Ethical Considerations towards the Utilization of Dental Medical Services by Seniors: Influencing and Protective Factors, Vulnerability, Resilience and Sense of Coherence
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Results of the Selective Literature Search and Expert Panel
3.1.1. Influencing Factors for Non-Utilization of Dental Services by Older People
3.1.2. Vulnerability and Resilience in Older People
3.1.3. Salutogenesis and the Sense of Coherence—A Different Approach
3.1.4. Life Events in Old Age as a Risk Factor
3.2. Analysis of the Literature Search Conducted by the Expert Panel
3.2.1. Factors Influencing the Use of Dental Services by Older People at the Various Levels of the Healthcare System and Their Influence Factor Mechanism
3.2.2. Protective Factors of the Utilization of Dental Healthcare Services
- Individual level;
- Social level;
- Social-political level.
3.3. Development of a New Terminology with Regard to Gerodontology
4. Discussion
4.1. Discussion of Findings
Influencing and Protective Factors
4.2. Health as Part of the Ageing Policy
4.3. Proposals for a Strategy for the Implementation of a Supportive Resilience Structure
4.4. Need for Future Research
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Levels | Parties | Static Factors | Dynamic Factors |
---|---|---|---|
Macro Level (social-political level) | Population |
|
|
Mesio Level (social level) | Population Non-healthy peopleHealth-insured people |
|
|
Micro Level (individual patient–physican level) | Patients | Objective influencing factors
| |
Dentist |
|
| |
Patient–Dentist |
|
|
Protective Factors of Utilization—Patient-Specific Factors | |
---|---|
Individual Level (Micro Level Patient) |
|
Protective Factors of Utilization—Others Than Patient-Specific Factors | |
---|---|
Individual Level (Micro Level Dentist) Dentist/team dependent qualities | Gerostomatological “feel-good factor” of the dental office
|
Social Level Internal support level Internal, social support by family/relatives and the population |
|
Social Level External support level External, social support (caregivers/volunteers/physicians) |
|
Social–Political Level |
|
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Nitschke, I.; Hahnel, S.; Jockusch, J. Health-Related Social and Ethical Considerations towards the Utilization of Dental Medical Services by Seniors: Influencing and Protective Factors, Vulnerability, Resilience and Sense of Coherence. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 2048. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042048
Nitschke I, Hahnel S, Jockusch J. Health-Related Social and Ethical Considerations towards the Utilization of Dental Medical Services by Seniors: Influencing and Protective Factors, Vulnerability, Resilience and Sense of Coherence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(4):2048. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042048
Chicago/Turabian StyleNitschke, Ina, Sebastian Hahnel, and Julia Jockusch. 2021. "Health-Related Social and Ethical Considerations towards the Utilization of Dental Medical Services by Seniors: Influencing and Protective Factors, Vulnerability, Resilience and Sense of Coherence" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 2048. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042048