The Impact of Depression Symptoms in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Novel Case-Control Investigation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Design and Sample
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Ethical Considerations
2.4. Sample Size Calculation
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Data
3.2. Outcome Measurements
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Descriptive Data | Total Group Mean ± SD Range (n = 124) | Cases Mean ± SD Range (n = 62) | Controls Mean ± SD Range (n = 62) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 69.18 ± 9.12 (50–84) | 69.23 ± 9.15 (50–84) | 69.13 ± 9.15 (50–84) | 0.097 † | |
Weight (kg) | 74.10 ± 14.84 (43–135) | 73.36 ± 17.63 (43–135) | 74.83 ± 11.49 (54–100) | 0.582 † | |
Height (m) | 1.67 ± 0.09 (1.47–1.91) | 1.66.37 ± 9.64 (1.47–1.91) | 1.67 ± 7.80 (1.47–1.85) | 0.690 † | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.61 ± 4.61 (16.16–40.31) | 26.37 ± 5.24 (16.16–40.31) | 26.85 ± 3.90 (19.83–35.43) | 0.0563 † | |
Sex (%) | Male Female | 75 (60.5%) 49 (39.5) | 38 (61.3%) 24 (38.7%) | 37 (59.7%) 25 (40.3) | 0.854 ‡ |
Outcome Measurements | Total Group (n = 124) | Cases Mean ± SD (n = 62) | Controls (n = 62) | p-Value (Cases vs. Controls) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BDI Category * | No Depression | 76 (61.3%) | 26 (41.9%) | 50 (80.6%) | 0.001 * |
Mild | 27 (21.8%) | 19 (30.6%) | 8 (12.9%) | ||
Moderate | 16 (12.9%) | 14 (22.6%) | 2 (3.2%) | ||
Severe | 5 (4%) | 3 (4.8%) | 2 (3.2%) | ||
BDI scores | 11.26 ± 8.26 (0.00–32.00) | 15.48 ± 7.24 (3.00–32.00) | 7.03 ± 6.99 (0.00–30.00) | <0.001 † |
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Jiménez-Cebrián, A.M.; Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo, R.; Losa-Iglesias, M.E.; López-López, D.; Calvo-Lobo, C.; Palomo-López, P.; Romero-Morales, C.; Navarro-Flores, E. The Impact of Depression Symptoms in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Novel Case-Control Investigation. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 2369. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052369
Jiménez-Cebrián AM, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Losa-Iglesias ME, López-López D, Calvo-Lobo C, Palomo-López P, Romero-Morales C, Navarro-Flores E. The Impact of Depression Symptoms in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Novel Case-Control Investigation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(5):2369. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052369
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiménez-Cebrián, Ana María, Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo, Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias, Daniel López-López, César Calvo-Lobo, Patricia Palomo-López, Carlos Romero-Morales, and Emmanuel Navarro-Flores. 2021. "The Impact of Depression Symptoms in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Novel Case-Control Investigation" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5: 2369. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052369