Six-Minute Walk Distance in Breast Cancer Survivors—A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Search Strategy
2.2. Eligibility Criteria and Study Selection
2.3. Data Extraction
2.4. Healthy Controls
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Literature Search Results
3.2. Results from the Meta-Analysis
3.2.1. The Meta-Analysis for the Whole sSample by Using Unadjusted Values
Findings from the Meta-Regression Analysis Conducted on the Whole Sample
3.2.2. The Meta-Analysis for the Whole Sample by Using Adjusted Values for BMI
3.2.3. The Meta-Analysis for BCS Only
3.3. Influence of Different Moderating Variables on the Distance Covered during 6MWT in BCS
3.3.1. BMI of Participants
3.3.2. Age of Participants
3.4. Findings from the Meta-Regression Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author | Study Type | Year | N | Age (years) | Body Height (cm) | Body Mass (kg) | BMI (kg/m2) | Cancer Diagnosis (years) | Corridor Length (meters) | 6MWD (meters) | Cancer Stage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hojan | RCT | 2020 | 47 | 54.5 ± 5.8 | 166 ± 4 | 67 ± 4 | 24.8 ± 2.39 | NR | 30 | 446 ± 39 | IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA |
Yee | RCT | 2019 | 14 | 62.2 ± 10.6 | 163 ± 7 | 75.2 ± 16.3 | 28.30 ± NR | 9.8 ± 6.5 | 20 | 521 ± 116 | IV |
Cenik | cohort prospective study | 2019 | 4 | 52.0 ± 2.0 | NR | NR | 34 ± 3 | NR | NR | 489 ± 24 | IA, IIA, IIIA |
Ortiz | cross-sectional | 2018 | 89 | 55.5 ± 10.0 | 156.1 ± 6.2 | 74.7 ± 15.3 | 31 ± 6.5 | NR | NR | 436 ± 99 | I - IV |
Cerulli | cohort prospective study | 2019 | 14 | 58.3 ± 5.2 | 164.8 ± 6 | 63 ± 5.5 | 23.20 ± NR | NR | NR | 590 ± 62 | NR |
Ariza-Garcia | RCT | 2019 | 68 | 48.1 ± 8.8 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 30 | 451 ± 156 | I, II, IIIA |
Ying | cross-sectional | 2019 | 97 | 47.5 ± NR | NR | NR | 27.4 ± NR | NR | 30 | 487 ± 64 | 0-IV |
Mascherini | cohort prospective study | 2018 | 43 | 51.5 ± 9.9 | 161 ± 6 | 72.2 ± 11.2 | 27.9 ± 4.3 | NR | NR | 497 ± 141 | IIIC |
Siagian | cohort prospective study | 2018 | 35 | 45.8 ± 7.0 | NR | 54.4 ± 8.3 | NR | NR | 30 | 360 ± 58 | I-III |
Leclerc | controlled non-randomized trial | 2017 | 209 | 53.4 ± 9.4 | NR | NR | 25.95 ± 7.5 | NR | 30 | 533 ± 77 | 0, I, IIA, IIB, III |
Mascherini | cohort prospective study | 2017 | 13 | 49.1 ± 5.5 | 163 ± 7.3 | 70.3 ± 9.3 | 26.5 ± 3.6 | NR | 30 | 445 ± 168 | NR |
Ng | cohort prospective study | 2016 | 21 | 48.0 ± NR | 164 ± NR | 65.4 ± NR | 25 ± NR | 4.3 ± NR | 30 | 636 ± NR | 0-III |
Galiano-Castillo | cross-sectional | 2016 | 87 | 48.3 ± 8.5 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 339 ± 160 | I, II, IIIA |
Foley | cohort prospective study | 2016 | 52 | 59.7 ± 10.4 | 164 ± 5 | 81 ± 2.5 | 30.11 ± 0.93 | 4.96 ± 6.3 | 30 | 417 ± 81 | NR |
Cornette | RCT | 2016 | 42 | 52.1 ± NR | NR | NR | 25.1 ± 3.3 | NR | 25 | 527 ± 53 | I, IIA, IIIA, IIIB |
Vardar-Yagli | cross-sectional | 2015 | 40 | 48.6 ± 6.4 | 160.25 ± 8.9 | 74.4 ± 11.5 | 29.22 ± 5.76 | 4.8 ± 1.62 | 30 | 511 ± 45 | I, II |
Vardar-Yagli | RCT | 2015 | 40 | 48.1 ± 6.2 | NR | NR | 29.2 ± 5.8 | 4.6 ± 4 | 30 | 511 ± 45 | I, II |
Milecki | RCT | 2013 | 66 | 52.5 ± 10.8 | 164.1 ± 6.1 | 68.3 ± 14.1 | 25.3 ± 4.9 | NR | 30 | 425 ± 60 | I - IIIC |
Vincent | cohort prospective study | 2013 | 39 | 49.0±8.4 | NR | 62 ± 12.9 | 24 ± 7.4 | NR | 25 | 515 ± 50 | I - III |
Eyigor | RCT | 2010 | 42 | 49.0±8.0 | NR | NR | NR | 3.2 ± 2.9 | 20 | 500 ± 46 | NR |
Yuen | RCT | 2007 | 22 | 53.9±12.8 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 543 ± 77 | NR |
Author | Study Type | Year | N | Age (years) | Body Height (cm) | Body Mass (kg) | BMI (kg/m2) | Corridor Length (meters) | 6MWD (meters) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Camarri | cross-sectional | 2005 | 37 | 55-75 | NR | NR | NR | 45 | 628 ± 59 |
Chetta | cross-sectional | 2006 | 54 | 33 ± 9 | 164 ± 7 | 59 ± 8 | 22 ± 3 | 30 | 593 ± 97 |
Casanova | prospective | 2011 | 206 | 42-76 | NR | NR | NR | 30 | 555 ± 81 |
Enright | prospective | 1998 | 173 | 62 ± NR | 162 ± NR | NR | 25.5 ± NR | 30 | 491 ± NR |
Zou | cross-sectional | 2017 | 319 | 40 ± 12.0 | 159.0 ± 4.9 | 57.0 ± 7.2 | 22.6 ± 2.9 | 30 | 578 ± 49.9 |
Oiviera | prospective | 2019 | 89 | 39.8 ± 13.1 | 162.0 ± 6.5 | 61.1 ± 8.5 | 23.3 ± 3.0 | 30 | 602.4 ± 69.0 |
Independent Variables | Number of Studies | Mean | SE | 95% CI | p | I2 (%) | df | Q value and p between Groups |
Whole sample–unajusted values | ||||||||
Healthy | 3 | 589.9 | 9.4 | 571.6–608.3 | <0.001 | 80.9 | 2 | 55.1 (<0.001) |
BCS | 20 | 477.4 | 11.9 | 454.0–500.8 | <0.001 | 69.9 | 19 | |
Whole sample–adjusted vaues for BMI | ||||||||
Healthy | 3 | 480.1 | 8.4 | 463.6–696.6 | <0.001 | 84.4 | 2 | 43.8 (<0.001) |
BCS | 20 | 377.0 | 13.1 | 351.4–402.7 | <0.001 | 98.6 | 19 | |
BCS–age as moderating factor | ||||||||
Under 50 years of age | 9 | 459.6 | 18.5 | 423.3–495.5 | <0.001 | 97.2 | 8 | 1.6 (0.200) |
Over 50 years of age | 11 | 491.7 | 16.8 | 458.7–524.7 | <0.001 | 97.0 | 10 | |
BCS–BMI as moderating factor | ||||||||
Healthy weight | 3 | 515.5 | 35.8 | 445.4–585.6 | <0.001 | 98.0 | 2 | 4.9 (0.084) |
Overweight | 9 | 497.7 | 13.6 | 471.0–524.4 | <0.001 | 95.1 | 8 | |
Subjects with obesity | 3 | 447 | 20.8 | 406.3–487.7 | <0.001 | 90.2 | 2 |
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But-Hadzic, J.; Dervisevic, M.; Karpljuk, D.; Videmsek, M.; Dervisevic, E.; Paravlic, A.; Hadzic, V.; Tomazin, K. Six-Minute Walk Distance in Breast Cancer Survivors—A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 2591. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052591
But-Hadzic J, Dervisevic M, Karpljuk D, Videmsek M, Dervisevic E, Paravlic A, Hadzic V, Tomazin K. Six-Minute Walk Distance in Breast Cancer Survivors—A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(5):2591. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052591
Chicago/Turabian StyleBut-Hadzic, Jasna, Mirza Dervisevic, Damir Karpljuk, Mateja Videmsek, Edvin Dervisevic, Armin Paravlic, Vedran Hadzic, and Katja Tomazin. 2021. "Six-Minute Walk Distance in Breast Cancer Survivors—A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5: 2591. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052591