Association of Allergic Diseases and Related Conditions with Dietary Fiber Intake in Korean Adults
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Diagnosis of Allergic Diseases and Assessment of Related Conditions
2.3. Assessment of Daily Nutritional Intake
2.4. Assessment of Other Variables
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Association between Fiber Intake and Allergic Diseases
3.2. Association between Fiber Intake and Allergic Diseases with Respect to Sex
3.3. Association between Fiber Intake and Asthma-Related Conditions
3.4. Association between Fiber Intake and Allergic Rhinitis-Related Conditions
3.5. Association between Fiber Intake and Serum IgE Level
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Allergic Rhinitis | Atopic Dermatitis | Asthma | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No (N = 9147) | Yes (N = 1334) | p-Value | No (N = 10,034) | Yes (N = 447) | p-Value | No (N = 9974) | Yes (N = 507) | p-Value | |
Energy (kcal, mean, SD) | 1973.80 ± 866.38 | 2034.46 ± 829.07 | 0.013 | 1977.79 ± 856.06 | 2065.29 ± 981.72 | 0.065 | 1986.63 ± 866.53 | 1881.07 ± 759.46 | 0.003 |
Protein (g, mean, SD) | 69.98 ± 40.52 | 75.89 ± 40.20 | <0.0001 | 70.52 ± 40.10 | 75.34 ± 49.05 | 0.042 | 70.98 ± 40.65 | 65.78 ± 37.68 | 0.003 |
Fat (g, mean, SD) | 38.05 ± 31.82 | 45.54 ± 31.96 | <0.0001 | 38.68 ± 31.77 | 46.28 ± 34.78 | <0.0001 | 39.29 ± 31.87 | 33.52 ± 32.67 | <0.0001 |
Carbohydrates (g, mean, SD) | 322.92 ± 125.00 | 319.59 ± 122.66 | 0.363 | 322.65 ± 124.23 | 319.05 ± 135.08 | 0.581 | 322.54 ± 125.09 | 321.50 ± 117.02 | 0.846 |
Water (g, mean, SD) | 990.78 ± 699.08 | 1057.04 ± 619.57 | <0.0001 | 995.23 ± 686.32 | 1088.57 ± 758.98 | 0.010 | 1005.41 ± 692.06 | 877.20 ± 632.04 | <0.0001 |
Fiber (g, mean, SD) | 7.70 ± 8.13 | 7.38 ± 4.85 | 0.045 | 7.68 ± 7.88 | 7.01 ± 5.33 | 0.011 | 7.69 ± 7.90 | 7.07 ± 4.99 | 0.009 |
Fiber Intake | Crude Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | Adjusted Odds Ratio a (95% Confidence Interval) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allergic Rhinitis | Asthma | Atopic Dermatitis | Allergic Rhinitis | Asthma | Atopic Dermatitis | |
Q 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
Q 2 | 0.877 (0.74–1.03) | 0.793 (0.62–1.01) | 1.004 (0.78–1.30) | 0.840 (0.70–1.00) | 0.797 (0.62–1.03) | 0.997 (0.76–1.31) |
Q 3 | 1.019 (0.87–1.20) | 0.761 (0.60–0.97) | 0.911 (0.70–1.18) | 1.006 (0.84–1.21) | 0.777 (0.59–1.02) | 0.895 (0.67–1.20) |
Q 4 | 0.925 (0.79–1.09) | 0.691 (0.54–0.89) | 0.746 (0.57–0.98) | 0.948 (0.77–1.17) | 0.656 (0.48–0.91) | 0.712 (0.50–1.01) |
p for trend | 0.239 | 0.025 | 0.120 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Fiber Intake | Adjusted Odds Ratio a (95% Confidence Interval) | |
---|---|---|
Male | Female | |
Allergic rhinitis | ||
Q 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
Q 2 | 0.704 (0.51–0.97) | 0.902 (0.73–1.11) |
Q 3 | 0.862 (0.64–1.17) | 1.081 (0.87–1.34) |
Q 4 | 0.898 (0.66–1.23) | 0.935 (0.73–1.20) |
Asthma | ||
Q 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
Q 2 | 0.734 (0.49–1.10) | 0.807 (0.58–1.12) |
Q 3 | 0.589 (0.39–0.90) | 0.918 (0.66–1.29) |
Q 4 | 0.523 (0.34–0.82) | 0.756 (0.51–1.12) |
Atopic dermatitis | ||
Q 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
Q 2 | 0.695 (0.45–1.09) | 1.200 (0.86–1.68) |
Q 3 | 0.653 (0.42–1.02) | 1.067 (0.74–1.54) |
Q 4 | 0.568 (0.35–0.91) | 0.778 (0.50–1.21) |
Fiber Intake | Adjusted Odds Ratio a (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|
Male | Female | |
Wheezing sound during breathing | ||
Q 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
Q 2 | 0.806 (0.33–1.95) | 0.786 (0.40–1.56) |
Q 3 | 0.641 (0.25–1.65) | 0.965 (0.48–1.93) |
Q 4 | 1.341 (0.53–3.39) | 1.059 (0.48–2.33) |
Exercise-induced exacerbation | ||
Q 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
Q 2 | 0.779 (0.30–2.02) | 0.478 (0.21–1.07) |
Q 3 | 0.906 (0.33–2.47) | 0.727 (0.33–1.59) |
Q 4 | 0.516 (0.17–1.53) | 0.975 (0.41–2.33) |
Fiber Intake | Adjusted Odds Ratio a (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|
Male | Female | |
Rhinitis symptoms | ||
Q 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
Q 2 | 0.806 (0.33–1.95) | 0.786 (0.40–1.56) |
Q 3 | 0.641 (0.25–1.65) | 0.965 (0.48–1.93) |
Q 4 | 1.341 (0.53–3.39) | 1.059 (0.48–2.33) |
Endoscopic finding: Pale mucosa | ||
Q 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
Q 2 | 0.779 (0.30–2.02) | 0.478 (0.21–1.07) |
Q 3 | 0.906 (0.33–2.47) | 0.727 (0.33–1.59) |
Q 4 | 0.516 (0.17–1.53) | 0.975 (0.41–2.33) |
Endoscopic finding: Watery rhinorrhea | ||
Q 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
Q 2 | 0.903 (0.68–1.19) | 0.786 (0.64–0.97) |
Q 3 | 0.734 (0.55–0.97) | 0.913 (0.74–1.13) |
Q 4 | 0.722 (0.54–0.97) | 0.957 (0.75–1.22) |
Fiber Intake | Adjusted Odds Ratio a (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|
Male | Female | |
Dog (≥0.35 kU/L) | ||
Q 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
Q 2 | 0.600 (0.26–1.41) | 1.013 (0.37–2.80) |
Q 3 | 0.319 (0.13–0.82) | 0.397 (0.10–1.56) |
Q 4 | 0.338 (0.13–0.86) | 0.968 (0.31–3.05) |
Cockroach (≥0.35 kU/L) | ||
Q 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
Q 2 | 1.009 (0.59–1.73) | 1.056 (0.60–1.87) |
Q 3 | 0.753 (0.44–1.29) | 0.670 (0.35–1.28) |
Q 4 | 0.763 (0.44–1.32) | 1.033 (0.53–2.01) |
House dust mite (≥0.35 kU/L) | ||
1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
1.092 (0.66–1.81) | 1.204 (0.81–1.79) | |
1.113 (0.68–1.82) | 0.939 (0.61–1.44) | |
1.157 (0.70–1.90) | 1.113 (0.68–1.82) | |
Total IgE (≥100 kU/L) | ||
Q 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
Q 2 | 0.874 (0.53–1.45) | 1.078 (0.73–1.59) |
Q 3 | 1.145 (0.70–1.88) | 0.788 (0.52–1.20) |
Q 4 | 1.070 (0.65–1.77) | 1.064 (0.66–1.71) |
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Lee, H.; Lee, K.; Son, S.; Kim, Y.-C.; Kwak, J.W.; Kim, H.G.; Lee, S.H.; Kim, T.H. Association of Allergic Diseases and Related Conditions with Dietary Fiber Intake in Korean Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 2889. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062889
Lee H, Lee K, Son S, Kim Y-C, Kwak JW, Kim HG, Lee SH, Kim TH. Association of Allergic Diseases and Related Conditions with Dietary Fiber Intake in Korean Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(6):2889. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062889
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Hoyoung, Kijeong Lee, Serhim Son, Young-Chan Kim, Ji Won Kwak, Hyeon Geun Kim, Sang Hag Lee, and Tae Hoon Kim. 2021. "Association of Allergic Diseases and Related Conditions with Dietary Fiber Intake in Korean Adults" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6: 2889. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062889