Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy as a Discriminatory Tool for Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Metabolism: A Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. DM1-Derived Fibroblast and Controls
2.2. Cell Culture
2.3. FTIR Measurements
2.4. FTIR Data Analysis
2.5. Intensity Ratio Evaluation
3. Results
3.1. FTIR Spectral Analysis of Fibroblasts from Coriell Institute
3.2. Multivariate Analysis of the Spectroscopic Data of Fibroblasts from Coriell Institute
3.3. Intensity Ratios Obtained from Spectroscopic Data of Fibroblasts from Coriell Institute
3.4. FTIR Spectral Analysis of DM1-Derived Fibroblast from Neurolab UA
3.5. Multivariate Analysis of the Spectroscopic Data of Fibroblasts Cultured at Neurolab UA
3.6. Intensity Ratios Obtained from Spectroscopic Data of DM1-Derived Fibroblasts Cultured at Neurolab UA
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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3000–2800 cm−1 Region | |||
Discrimination across PC-2 | λ (cm−1) | Vibrational Mode | Assignments |
PC-2 – DM1_2000 (1 and 2) | 2953 | CH3 asymmetric stretching | Lipid (long chain fatty acids, phospholipids) |
2916 | CH2 and CH3 stretching of phospholipids | ||
2849 | CH2 symmetric stretching | ||
PC-2 + Control and DM1_1000 (1 and 2) | 2925 | CH2 asymmetric stretching | |
2874 | CH3 symmetric stretching | ||
1800–1500 cm−1 Region | |||
Discrimination across PC-1 | λ (cm−1) | Vibrational Mode | Assignments |
PC-1 – Control and DM1_1000 (1 and 2) | 1747 | C=O stretching | Triacylglycerol, cholesterol esters, glycerophospholipids |
1736 | |||
1696 | 80% C=O stretching, 10% N–H bending, 10% C–N stretching | Amide-I: anti-parallel β-sheets (peptide, protein) | |
1682 | Amide-I: anti-parallel β- sheets (peptide, protein) | ||
1651 | Amide-I: α- helices | ||
1554 | 60% N–H bending, 40% C–N stretching | Amide II (proteins) | |
1523 | |||
PC-1 + DM1_2000 (1 and 2) | 1628 | 80% C=O stretching, 10% N–H bending, 10% C–N stretching | Amide-I: parallel β- sheets (peptide, protein) |
1537 | 60% N–H bending, 40% C–N stretching | Amide II (proteins) | |
1509 | CH2 bending | Lipid, protein | |
1800–1500 cm−1 Region (Q2 and Q3) | |||
Quadrant-2 | λ (cm−1) | Vibrational Mode | Assignments |
DM1_1000 (1 and 2) | 1693 | 80% C=O stretching, 10% N–H bending, 10% C–N stretching | Amide-I: anti-parallel β-sheets (peptide, protein) |
1639 | Amide-I: parallel β- sheets (peptide, protein) | ||
Quadrant-3 | λ (cm−1) | Vibrational mode | Assignments |
Control samples | 1747-1743 | C=O stretching | Triacylglycerol, cholesterol esters, glycerophospholipids |
1682 | 80% C=O stretching, 10% N–H bending, 10% C–N stretching | Amide-I: anti-parallel β- sheets (peptide, protein) | |
1651 | Amide-I: α- helices | ||
1554 | 60% N–H bending, 40% C–N stretching | Amide II (proteins) | |
1543 | |||
1200–900 cm−1 Region | |||
Discrimination across PC-2 | λ (cm−1) | Vibrational Mode | Assignments |
PC-2 – DM1_2000 (1 and 2) | 1172 | C–O stretching | Carbohydrates/glycogen, nucleic acids |
1013 | C–O stretching and C–OH bending | DNA and RNA, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides (e.g., glucose) | |
991 | C–O stretching | DNA and RNA ribose | |
914 | C–N+–C stretching | DNA and RNA ribose-phosphate chain vibration of RNA | |
PC-2 + Control and DM1_1000 (1 and 2) | 1152 | C–O stretching, C–O–H bending | Carbohydrates |
1104 | PO2− symmetrical stretching | DNA, RNA, phospholipid, phosphorylated protein | |
1079 | |||
1053 | C–O stretching and C–OH bending | DNA and RNA, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides (e.g., glucose) | |
968 | PO32− stretching | DNA and RNA ribose | |
928 | C–N+–C stretching | DNA and RNA ribose-phosphate chain vibration of RNA |
3000–2800 cm−1 Region | |||
Discrimination across PC-1 | λ (cm−1) | Vibrational Mode | Assignments |
PC-1 − Control, lDM1, aDM1 | 2871 | CH3 symmetric stretching | Lipid (long chain fatty acids, phospholipids) |
PC-1 + jDM1, iDM1 and cDM1 | 2959 | CH3 asymmetric stretching | |
2919 | CH2 asymmetric stretching | ||
2851 | CH2 symmetric stretching | ||
3000–2800 cm−1 region (Q1, Q3 and Q4) | |||
Quadrant-1 | λ (cm−1) | Vibrational Mode | Assignments |
jDM1 | No peaks | NA | Lipid (long chain fatty acids, phospholipids) |
Quadrant-3 | λ (cm−1) | Vibrational mode | Assignments |
aDM1 | No peaks | NA | Lipid (long chain fatty acids, phospholipids) |
Quadrant-4 | λ (cm−1) | Vibrational mode | Assignments |
iDM1 and cDM1 | 2956 | CH3 asymmetric stretching | Lipid (long chain fatty acids, phospholipids) |
2922 | CH2 asymmetric stretching | ||
2854 | CH2 symmetric stretching | ||
Mid-IR bands at 1800–1500 cm−1 Region | |||
Discrimination across PC-2 | λ (cm−1) | Vibrational Mode | Assignments |
PC-2 − Control, lDM1, aDM1 and jDM1 | 1648 | 80% C=O stretching, 10% N–H bending, 10% C–N stretching | Amide-I: α- helices |
1628 | 80% C=O stretching, 10% N–H bending, 10% C–N stretching | Amide-I: parallel β- sheets (peptide, protein) | |
1551 | 60% N–H bending, 40% C–N stretching | Amide II (proteins) | |
1537 | 60% N–H bending, 40% C–N stretching | Amide II (proteins) | |
1512 | CH2 bending | Lipid, protein | |
PC-2 + iDM1 and cDM1 | 1747 | C=O stretching | Triacylglycerol, cholesterol esters, glycerophospholipids |
1696 | 80% C=O stretching, 10% N–H bending, 10% C–N stretching | Amide-I: anti-parallel β-sheets (peptide, protein) | |
1682 | 80% C=O stretching, 10% N–H bending, 10% C–N stretching | Amide-I: anti-parallel β-sheets (peptide, protein) | |
1662 | 80% C=O stretching, 10% N–H bending, 10% C–N stretching | Amide-I: α- helices | |
1639 | 80% C=O stretching, 10% N–H bending, 10% C–N stretching | Amide-I: parallel β- sheets (peptide, protein) | |
1523 | 60% N–H bending, 40% C–N stretching | Amide II (proteins) | |
1800–1500 cm−1 (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4) | |||
Quadrant-1 | λ (cm−1) | Vibrational Mode | Assignments |
iDM1 | No peak | NA | NA |
Quadrant-2 | λ (cm−1) | Vibrational mode | Assignments |
cDM1 | 1747 | C=O stretching | Triacylglycerol, cholesterol esters, glycerophospholipids |
1736 | |||
1696 | 80% C=O stretching, 10% N–H bending, 10% C–N stretching | Amide-I: anti-parallel β-sheets (peptide, protein) | |
1682 | |||
1639 | Amide-I: parallel β- sheets (peptide, protein) | ||
Quadrant-3 | λ (cm−1) | Vibrational mode | Assignments |
lDM1 and jDM1 | No peak | NA | NA |
Quadrant-4 | λ (cm−1) | Vibrational mode | Assignments |
Control and aDM1 | 1631 | 80% C=O stretching, 10% N–H bending, 10% C–N stretching | Amide-I: parallel β- sheets (peptide, protein) |
1534 | 60% N–H bending, 40% C–N stretching | Amide II (proteins) | |
1515 | CH2 bending | Lipid, protein | |
1200–900 cm−1 Region | |||
Discrimination across PC-4 | λ (cm−1) | Vibrational Mode | Assignments |
PC-4 − Control, lDM1, aDM1, iDM1 | 1155 | C–O stretching, C–O–H bending | Carbohydrates |
1076 | PO2− symmetrical stretching | DNA, RNA, phospholipid, phosphorylated protein | |
1025 | C–O stretching and C–OH bending | DNA and RNA, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides (e.g., glucose) | |
923 | C–N+–C stretching | DNA and RNA ribose-phosphate chain vibration of RNA | |
PC-4 + jDM1 and cDM1 | 1121 | Phosphodiester groups of PO2− | RNA |
1084 | PO2− symmetrical stretching | DNA, RNA, phospholipid, phosphorylated protein | |
1047 | C–O stretching and C–OH bending | DNA and RNA, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides (e.g., glucose) | |
994 | C–O stretching | DNA and RNA ribose | |
968 | PO32− stretching | DNA and RNA ribose | |
931 | C–N+–C stretching | DNA and RNA ribose-phosphate chain vibration of RNA | |
914 | C–N+–C stretching | DNA and RNA ribose-phosphate chain vibration of RNA | |
1200–900 cm−1 Region (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4) | |||
Quadrant-1 | λ (cm−1) | Vibrational Mode | Assignments |
jDM1 | 1124 | Phosphodiester groups of PO2− | RNA |
996 | C–O stretching | DNA and RNA ribose | |
Quadrant-2 | λ (cm−1) | Vibrational mode | Assignments |
cDM1 | 914 | C–N+–C stretching | DNA and RNA ribose-phosphate chain vibration of RNA |
Quandrant-3 | λ (cm−1) | Vibrational mode | Assignments |
aDM1 | 1112 | Phosphodiester groups of PO2− | RNA |
Quadrant-4 | λ (cm−1) | Vibrational mode | Assignments |
Control, lDM1 and iDM1 | 1155 | C–O stretching, C–O–H bending | Carbohydrates |
1079 | PO2− symmetrical stretching | DNA, RNA, phospholipid, phosphorylated protein | |
1042 | C–O stretching and C–OH bending | DNA and RNA, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides (e.g., glucose) | |
1022 | |||
926 | C–N+–C stretching | DNA and RNA ribose-phosphate chain vibration of RNA |
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Mateus, T.; Almeida, I.; Costa, A.; Viegas, D.; Magalhães, S.; Martins, F.; Herdeiro, M.T.; da Cruz e Silva, O.A.B.; Fraga, C.; Alves, I.; et al. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy as a Discriminatory Tool for Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Metabolism: A Pilot Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 3800. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073800
Mateus T, Almeida I, Costa A, Viegas D, Magalhães S, Martins F, Herdeiro MT, da Cruz e Silva OAB, Fraga C, Alves I, et al. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy as a Discriminatory Tool for Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Metabolism: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(7):3800. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073800
Chicago/Turabian StyleMateus, Tiago, Idália Almeida, Adriana Costa, Diana Viegas, Sandra Magalhães, Filipa Martins, Maria Teresa Herdeiro, Odete A. B. da Cruz e Silva, Carla Fraga, Ivânia Alves, and et al. 2021. "Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy as a Discriminatory Tool for Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Metabolism: A Pilot Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7: 3800. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073800