Women Do Not Utilise Family Planning According to Their Needs in Southern Malawi: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design, Setting, and Participants
2.2. Description of Variables
2.3. Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Results
3.2. Logistic Regression Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total | Living Area 4 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blantyre | Chikwawa | Chiradzulu | |||
n = 144 | n = 109 | n = 157 | |||
n | % | % | % | % | |
Unmet Need 1 | |||||
Yes | 62 | 15.1 | 20.1 | 7.3 | 15.1 |
No | 348 | 84.9 | 79.9 | 92.7 | 84.9 |
Age 2 | |||||
16–19 | 63 | 15 | 4.9 | 18.3 | 22.9 |
20–24 | 108 | 25.8 | 13.3 | 31.2 | 33.8 |
25–29 | 110 | 26.3 | 33.6 | 22.9 | 22.9 |
30–34 | 87 | 20.8 | 37.1 | 12.8 | 11.5 |
35+ | 49 | 11.7 | 11.2 | 14.7 | 8.9 |
Education | |||||
Low | 156 | 37.2 | 7.6 | 60.6 | 49 |
Middle | 187 | 44.6 | 46.5 | 35.8 | 48.4 |
High | 76 | 18.1 | 45.8 | 3.7 | 2.5 |
Marital status | |||||
Married | 386 | 92.1 | 93.8 | 92.7 | 90.4 |
Unmarried | 33 | 7.9 | 6.3 | 7.3 | 9.6 |
Parity 3 | |||||
0 | 141 | 33.7 | 25.0 | 39.4 | 33.9 |
1 | 94 | 22.4 | 23.6 | 16.5 | 22.2 |
2 | 99 | 23.6 | 34.0 | 16.5 | 23.7 |
3+ | 82 | 19.6 | 17.4 | 27.5 | 20.2 |
Contraceptive Use | (n) | (%) |
---|---|---|
Use of any method | 306 | 73.0 |
Never used | 113 | 27.0 |
Wish for use, if not using | 96 | 85 |
Modern methods | ||
Injection | 178 | 58.2 |
Implant | 81 | 26.5 |
Pill | 52 | 17.0 |
Male condom | 51 | 17.0 |
IUD | 11 | 3.6 |
ECP | 6 | 2.0 |
Other | 3 | 1 |
Traditional | ||
Rhythm and withdrawal | 21 | 6.9 |
Side Effects | 138 | 45.0 |
Bleeding disturbance | 60 | 43.5 |
Loss of period | 8 | 5.8 |
Long-lasting effect | 3 | 2.2 |
Gastrointestinal | 18 | 13.0 |
Headache | 11 | 8.0 |
Backache | 7 | 5.1 |
General pain | 7 | 5.1 |
Heart palpitations | 5 | 3.6 |
Hypertension | 5 | 3.6 |
Other 1 | 17 | 12.3 |
Place of receipt | ||
Hospital | 107 | 35.0 |
Clinic | 23 | 7.5 |
Private clinic | 16 | 5.0 |
Private hospital | 2 | 0.7 |
Health centre | 7 | 2.0 |
CHW | 3 | 1.0 |
Family members | 1 | 0.3 |
Pharmacy | 1 | 0.3 |
Shop | 7 | 2.0 |
Family Planning | Total (n) | Total (%) |
---|---|---|
Wanted pregnancy | 304 | 72.6 |
Unwanted pregnancy | 114 | 27.2 |
Mistimed | 55 | 48.0 |
Wanted to stop childbearing | 22 | 19.0 |
Desire for another child | ||
Want more children | 276 | 65.0 |
Not sure | 43 | 10.3 |
When | ||
Within two years | 8 | 2.5 |
Wait at least two years | 250 | 78.4 |
Don’t know when | 49 | 15.4 |
Use of any method to space pregnancy (yes and maybe) | 297 | 90.0 |
Rhythm and withdrawal | 10 | 3.4 |
Condom | 15 | 5.1 |
Pill | 14 | 4.7 |
Implant | 78 | 26.3 |
IUD | 15 | 5.1 |
Injection | 138 | 46.5 |
Don’t know | 26 | 8.8 |
Other 1 | 1 | 0.3 |
No desire for more children | 98 | 23.4 |
Any method to stop childbearing (yes and maybe) | 85 | 86.7 |
Rhythm and withdrawal | 1 | 1.2 |
Condom | 3 | 3.5 |
Pill | 1 | 1.2 |
Implant | 11 | 12.9 |
IUD | 11 | 12.9 |
Vaginal rings | 4 | 4.7 |
Injection | 12 | 14.1 |
Sterilization (bilateral tubal ligation) | 40 | 47.1 |
Don’t know | 3 | 3.5 |
Other | 2 | 2.4 |
Model I | Model II 2 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR | CI (95%) | OR | CI (95%) | |
Area | ||||
Blantyre (RG) 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Chikwawa | 0.30 | (0.13–0.68) | 0.22 | (0.08–0.65) |
Chiradzulu | 0.72 | (0.40–1.28) | 0.54 | (0.23–1.23) |
Age | ||||
16–19 (RG) | 1 | |||
20–24 | 0.29 | (0.12–0.71) | ||
25–29 | 0.41 | (0.14–1.19) | ||
30–34 | 1.05 | (0.29–3.73) | ||
≥35 | 2.61 | (0.56–12.20) | ||
Education | ||||
High (RG) | 1 | |||
Medium | 1.27 | (0.41–3.94) | ||
Low | 1.28 | (0.55–3.01) | ||
Marital Status | ||||
Not married (RG) | 1 | |||
Married | 0.43 | (0.18–1.04) | ||
Parity | ||||
0 births (RG) | 1 | |||
1 | 0.32 | (0.13–0.79) | ||
2 | 0.23 | (0.08–0.63) | ||
3≤ | 0.05 | (0.01–0.23) | ||
−2 loglikelihood | 351.772 | 303.939 2 |
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Odland, M.L.; Vallner, O.; Toch-Marquardt, M.; Darj, E. Women Do Not Utilise Family Planning According to Their Needs in Southern Malawi: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4072. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084072
Odland ML, Vallner O, Toch-Marquardt M, Darj E. Women Do Not Utilise Family Planning According to Their Needs in Southern Malawi: A Cross-Sectional Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(8):4072. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084072
Chicago/Turabian StyleOdland, Maria Lisa, Oda Vallner, Marlen Toch-Marquardt, and Elisabeth Darj. 2021. "Women Do Not Utilise Family Planning According to Their Needs in Southern Malawi: A Cross-Sectional Survey" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8: 4072. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084072