Impact of Olive Oil Supplement Intake on Dendritic Cell Maturation after Strenuous Physical Exercise: A Preliminary Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Supplements
2.4. Protocol
2.5. Dietary Assessment
2.6. Analytical Procedures
2.6.1. Physical Test and Metabolic Analysis
2.6.2. Antibodies and Reagents
2.6.3. Flow Cytometry Analysis of DC Phenotype, Co-Stimulatory Molecules, and Subsets
2.6.4. Flow Cytometry Analysis of Monocyte Subpopulations in Peripheral Blood
2.6.5. Flow Cytometry Cell Cytokine Analysis
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants
3.2. Analysis of pDC and mDC Populations and Monocytes after Exercise
3.3. Impact of Olive Oil Supplement on DC Maturation
3.4. Metabolic Data
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Active Supplement | Placebo Supplement | |
---|---|---|
Ingredients | 100 mL commercial orange juice 8 g modified starch 25 mL extra-virgin olive oil | 100 mL commercial orange juice 8 g modified starch |
Energy (Kcal) | 277 | 52.8 |
Fat (g) | 25 | 0.1 |
Carbohydrates (g) | 12.6 | 12.6 |
Subject | #1 | #2 | #3 |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 51 | 34 | 39 |
Weight (kg) | 94 | 65 | 71 |
Height (cm) | 181 | 165 | 178 |
BMI (kg·m−2) | 28.75 | 23.90 | 22.39 |
Subjects | Non-Treated | Treated | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T2 | T3 | T4 | T2 | T3 | T4 | |
#1 | 56.4 | 57.8 | 56 | 62.6 | 77.9 | 37.1 |
CV1 | 1.29 | 2.63 | ||||
#2 | 46.5 | 72.3 | 64.9 | 38 | 67.8 | 35.9 |
CV2 | 0.29 | 1.1 | ||||
#3 | 24.5 | 80.5 | 48.5 | 61.6 | 65.7 | 48.7 |
CV3 | 0.57 | 4.15 |
Treated | Non-Treated | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subject | #1 | #2 | #3 | #1 | #2 | #3 |
MAXIMAL TEST | ||||||
VE (L·min−1) | 154.1 | 78.8 | 152.4 | 146.5 | 93.5 | 132.9 |
VO2/Kg (mL·kg·min−1) | 39.3 | 39.6 | 59 | 39.4 | 47.6 | 52.5 |
QR | 1.127 | 1.064 | 1.13 | 1.121 | 1.016 | 1.087 |
VCO2 (L·min−1) | 4.17 | 2.74 | 4.73 | 4.15 | 3.14 | 4.05 |
FC (lat·min−1) | 159 | 177 | 173 | 152 | 183 | 171 |
Metabolic rate (kcal·day−1) | 27,679 | 19,021 | 31,356 | 27,690 | 22,600 | 27,657 |
SUBMAXIMAL TEST | ||||||
1M-45 | 4947 | 4924 | 5218 | 5072 | 4663 | 5058 |
1M-45-O2 | 275.6 | 268.7 | 392.4 | 279.5 | 294.3 | 360.3 |
1M-45-QR | 0.977 | 0.875 | 0.907 | 0.968 | 0.924 | 0.89 |
%VO2 max | 77.1 | 74.2 | 77.1 | 79.9 | ||
64.01M-45-kcal | 641.3 | 429.8 | 726.8 | 666 | 445.5 | 645.8 |
Kcal·metres | 0.130 | 0.087 | 0.139 | 0.131 | 0.096 | 0.128 |
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Esquius, L.; Javierre, C.; Llaudó, I.; Rama, I.; Oviedo, G.R.; Massip-Salcedo, M.; Aguilar-Martínez, A.; Niño, O.; Lloberas, N. Impact of Olive Oil Supplement Intake on Dendritic Cell Maturation after Strenuous Physical Exercise: A Preliminary Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4128. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084128
Esquius L, Javierre C, Llaudó I, Rama I, Oviedo GR, Massip-Salcedo M, Aguilar-Martínez A, Niño O, Lloberas N. Impact of Olive Oil Supplement Intake on Dendritic Cell Maturation after Strenuous Physical Exercise: A Preliminary Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(8):4128. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084128
Chicago/Turabian StyleEsquius, Laura, Casimiro Javierre, Inés Llaudó, Inés Rama, Guillermo R. Oviedo, Marta Massip-Salcedo, Alicia Aguilar-Martínez, Oscar Niño, and Núria Lloberas. 2021. "Impact of Olive Oil Supplement Intake on Dendritic Cell Maturation after Strenuous Physical Exercise: A Preliminary Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8: 4128. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084128