Using Internet Search Queries to Assess Public Awareness of the Healthy Cities Approach: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Overall Statistics of Internet Search Queries
3.2. Spatial Patterns of Search Queries
3.3. Temporal Patterns of Search Queries
3.4. Associations with the Demographic, Environmental, and Health Factors
4. Discussion
4.1. Public Awareness of the Healthy Cities Approach
4.2. Factors Affecting the Public Queries on the Healthy City Program
4.3. The Implications of the Current Study
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category | Keywords |
---|---|
(1) Healthy environment | (6) Days with good air quality, (7) days with heave air pollution, (8) drinking water quality, (9) green space per capita, (10) harmless disposal of garbage, (11) harmless toilet, (12) public toilet, (13) safety of drinking water sources, (14) sports ground per capita |
(2) Healthy society | (15) Beds in senior care facilities, (16) food safety, (17) food sampling inspection, (18) healthy communities, (19) healthy enterprises, (20) health expenditure, (21) healthy schools, (22) occupational health exam, (23) occupational safety, (24) senior care service, (25) social sports instructor |
(3) Health service | (26) Basic health insurance reimbursement, (27) children health management; (28) general practitioners, (29) health archive, (30) hospital beds, (31) incidence of malign tumors, (32) maternal and child health management, (33) maternal health management, (34) mental disorder patient management, (35) mental health management, (36) public health workers, (37) the standard of national physique examination, |
(4) Healthy population | (38) Disease vector control, (39) health status, (40) incidence of infectious diseases, (41) infant mortality, (42) life expectancy, (43) maternal mortality rate, (44) mortality of children under five, (45) neonatal death, (46) prevalence of high blood pressure, (47) road traffic accident injuries, (48) student fitness |
(5) Health literacy | (49) Fitness activity, (50) health education, (51) participation in exercise, (52) smoking rate |
Others | (53) Health baseline investigation, (54) health behavior, (55) health equity, (56) health impact assessment, (57) health industry, (58) healthy city, (59) healthy township, (60) pro-health attitude |
District Name | Sum of Standardized Queries (Per Million) | Number of Queried Keywords |
---|---|---|
Yantian | 105.93 | 42 |
Nanshan | 103.25 | 47 |
Pingshan | 90.54 | 45 |
Futian | 87.58 | 53 |
Baoan | 84.79 | 50 |
Longgang | 84.27 | 47 |
Longhua | 81.56 | 49 |
Luohu | 81.01 | 49 |
Dapeng | 74.78 | 46 |
Guangming | 66.45 | 40 |
Keywords | Moran’s I Values | Z-Scores | p-Values |
---|---|---|---|
All keywords | −0.049 | −0.749 | 0.453 |
Food safety | −0.064 | −1.059 | 0.289 |
Health service | 0.013 | 0.555 | 0.579 |
Health industry | −0.013 | 0.018 | 0.985 |
Health education | −0.008 | 0.129 | 0.898 |
Public toilet | 0.005 | 0.489 | 0.624 |
Query Type | Mann–Kendall’s τ | p-Values | Standardized Queries (Per Million) |
---|---|---|---|
Search queries on all keywords | 0.09 | 0.32 | 85.74 |
Search queries on the keyword “Healthy city” | −0.02 | 0.59 | 0.06 |
Query Type | Mortality of the Main Diseases (Per Ten Thousand People) | POIs of Health Institutes | Population Density(Person Per km2) | % of Senior Residents | % of Residence with Green Spaces in 300 m |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Search queries on all keywords | 0.08 (0.53) | 0.13 (0.30) | −0.02 (0.90) | 0.18 (0.15) | −0.07 (0.55) |
Search queries on the keyword “Healthy city” | −0.20 (0.17) | 0.35 (0.02) | 0.14 (0.36) | 0.12 (0.44) | −0.08 (0.62) |
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Yang, J.; Zhang, Y.; Xiao, Y.; Shen, S.; Su, M.; Bai, Y.; Zhou, J.; Gong, P. Using Internet Search Queries to Assess Public Awareness of the Healthy Cities Approach: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4264. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084264
Yang J, Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Shen S, Su M, Bai Y, Zhou J, Gong P. Using Internet Search Queries to Assess Public Awareness of the Healthy Cities Approach: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(8):4264. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084264
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Jun, Yutong Zhang, Yixiong Xiao, Shaoqing Shen, Mo Su, Yuqi Bai, Jingbo Zhou, and Peng Gong. 2021. "Using Internet Search Queries to Assess Public Awareness of the Healthy Cities Approach: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8: 4264. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084264