Health Literacy, Self-Perceived Health, and Substance Use Behavior among Young People with Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Sample and Data Collection
2.2. Dependent Variable
2.3. Independent Variables
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Distribution of Health Literacy
3.2. Correlates of Health Literacy in People with AUD
3.3. Correlates of Health Literacy in People with SUD
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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AUD (N = 201) | SUD (N = 165) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | N (* mean) | % (* SD) | N (* mean) | % (* SD) | p |
Health literacy | |||||
General health literacy * | 34.8 | 6.4 | 34.5 | 6.9 | 0.674 |
Healthcare * | 37.7 | 6.5 | 36.6 | 6.5 | 0.110 |
Disease prevention * | 34.6 | 7.5 | 34.4 | 8.2 | 0.794 |
Health promotion * | 32.1 | 7.9 | 32.5 | 8.6 | 0.615 |
Gender | 0.260 | ||||
Man | 151 | 75.1 | 133 | 80.6 | |
Woman | 50 | 24.9 | 32 | 19.4 | |
Age * | 37.6 | 5.9 | 31.1 | 6.4 | <0.001 |
Type of treatment | <0.001 | ||||
Detoxification | 33 | 16.4 | 25 | 15.2 | |
Long-term inpatient care | 136 | 67.7 | 98 | 59.4 | |
Therapeutic community | 11 | 5.5 | 35 | 21.2 | |
Follow-up inpatient care | 21 | 10.4 | 7 | 4.2 | |
Marital status | <0.001 | ||||
Married | 36 | 17.9 | 6 | 3.6 | |
Other | 165 | 82.1 | 159 | 96.4 | |
Housing condition | 0.009 | ||||
Stable housing | 182 | 90.5 | 131 | 79.4 | |
Without home | 16 | 8.0 | 28 | 17.0 | |
Household size * | 2.26 | 1.3 | 2.63 | 1.5 | 0.178 |
Single-person | 79 | 39.3 | 49 | 29.7 | |
Multi-person | 113 | 56.2 | 106 | 64.2 | |
Educational attainment | <0.001 | ||||
Primary | 29 | 14.4 | 68 | 41.2 | |
Secondary and higher | 171 | 85 | 96 | 58.2 | |
Employment status | <0.001 | ||||
Employed | 125 | 62.2 | 69 | 41.8 | |
<6 months | 46 | 22.9 | 35 | 21.2 | |
≥6 months | 22 | 10.9 | 46 | 27.9 | |
Household net income | 0.159 | ||||
EUR <562 | 34 | 16.9 | 34 | 20.6 | |
EUR 563–1316 | 81 | 40.3 | 50 | 30.3 | |
EUR 1317–2249 | 54 | 26.9 | 42 | 25.5 | |
EUR >2249 | 20 | 10.0 | 25 | 15.2 | |
Debt situation | <0.001 | ||||
Debts | 65 | 32.3 | 87 | 52.7 | |
No debts | 135 | 67.2 | 77 | 46.7 | |
Psychiatric comorbidity | 0.136 | ||||
Yes | 41 | 20.4 | 45 | 27.3 | |
No | 157 | 78.1 | 117 | 70.9 | |
General health status * | 3.7 | 1.1 | 3.8 | 1.0 | 0.137 |
Bad or rather bad | 25 | 12.4 | 19 | 11.5 | |
Neither bad nor good | 60 | 29.9 | 42 | 25.5 | |
Good or rather good | 115 | 57.2 | 102 | 61.8 | |
Mental health status * | 3.5 | 1.1 | 3.6 | 1.0 | 0.144 |
Bad or rather bad | 35 | 17.4 | 26 | 15.8 | |
Neither bad nor good | 64 | 31.8 | 43 | 26.1 | |
Good or rather good | 101 | 50.2 | 94 | 57.0 | |
Physical condition * | 3.6 | 1.0 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 0.124 |
Bad or rather bad | 33 | 16.4 | 23 | 13.9 | |
Neither bad nor good | 57 | 28.4 | 40 | 24.2 | |
Good or rather good | 111 | 55.2 | 101 | 61.2 | |
Quality of life * | 3.1 | 1.1 | 3.1 | 1.0 | 0.279 |
Bad or rather bad | 59 | 29.4 | 41 | 24.8 | |
Neither bad nor good | 72 | 35.8 | 66 | 40.0 | |
Good or rather good | 69 | 34.3 | 57 | 34.5 | |
Cigarette smoking | 0.512 | ||||
Non-smoker | 46 | 22.9 | 31 | 18.8 | |
<15 cigarettes | 38 | 18.9 | 36 | 21.8 | |
≥15 cigarettes | 108 | 53.7 | 95 | 57.6 | |
Alcohol use | <0.001 | ||||
Less than daily | 82 | 40.8 | 117 | 70.9 | |
Daily | 114 | 56.7 | 46 | 27.9 | |
Binge drinking | <0.001 | ||||
Less than daily | 110 | 54.7 | 128 | 77.6 | |
Daily | 86 | 42.8 | 33 | 20.0 | |
Alcohol intoxication | 0.041 | ||||
Less than daily | 173 | 86.1 | 153 | 92.7 | |
Daily | 23 | 11.4 | 9 | 5.5 | |
Lifetime illicit drug use | N/A | ||||
No | 47 | 23.4 | 0 | 0 | |
Yes | 92 | 45.8 | 152 | 92.1 | |
Past year illicit drug use | <0.001 | ||||
No | 103 | 51.2 | 6 | 3.6 | |
Yes | 92 | 45.8 | 152 | 92.1 | |
First alcohol use * | 15.2 | 3.6 | 13.6 | 2.5 | 0.024 |
First alcohol intoxication * | 16.4 | 4.1 | 14.2 | 2.3 | <0.001 |
First marijuana use * | 18.0 | 5.0 | 14.8 | 2.4 | <0.001 |
First illicit drug use * | 20.0 | 5.2 | 17.7 | 3.8 | <0.001 |
Premature treatment termination * | 0.7 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 2.4 | 0.106 |
Intravenous drug administration | N/A | ||||
Yes | 0 | 0 | 54 | 32.7 | |
No | 201 | 100 | 109 | 66.1 | |
First intravenous administration * | 19.1 | 4.1 | N/A | ||
Injection sharing | N/A | ||||
Yes | 64 | 38.8 | |||
No | 97 | 58.8 | |||
Drug-related infectious diseases | N/A | ||||
Yes | 35 | 21.2 | |||
No | 126 | 76.4 |
Univariate | Multiple (N = 186) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Factor | b (95% CI) | SE | p | b (95% CI) | SE | p |
Gender | ||||||
Woman | −0.01 (−2.06, 2.05) | 1.0 | 0.994 | −0.78 (−2.89, 1.33) | 1.1 | 0.468 |
Man (ref.) | ||||||
Age | −0.03 (−0.18, 0.12) | 0.1 | 0.708 | −0.02 (−0.17, 0.13) | 0.1 | 0.759 |
Type of treatment | ||||||
Detoxification | 1.45 (−0.99, 3.90) | 1.2 | 0.242 | |||
Therapeutic community | −0.63 (−4.57, 3.32) | 2.0 | 0.755 | |||
Follow-up inpatient care | 1.45 (−1.51, 4.40) | 1.5 | 0.335 | |||
Long-term inpatient care (ref.) | ||||||
Marital status | ||||||
Married | 1.13 (−1.19, 3.44) | 1.2 | 0.338 | |||
Other (ref.) | ||||||
Housing condition | ||||||
Without home | −4.34 (−7.55, −1.12) | 1.6 | 0.008 | −4.06 (−7.47, −0.66) | 1.7 | 0.020 |
Stable housing (ref.) | ||||||
Household size | ||||||
Single-person | −2.11 (−3.94, −0.29) | 0.9 | 0.024 | |||
Multi-person (ref.) | ||||||
Educational attainment | ||||||
Primary | −0.03 (−2.55, 2.49) | 1.3 | 0.983 | |||
Secondary and higher (ref.) | ||||||
Employment status | ||||||
Long-term unemployed | −3.18 (−6.00, −0.35) | 1.4 | 0.028 | −1.99 (−4.86, −0.88) | 1.5 | 0.172 |
Employed/short-term unemployed (ref). | ||||||
Household net income | 0.20 (−0.06, 0.46) | 0.1 | 0.135 | |||
Debt situation | ||||||
Debts | 1.28 (−0.62, 3.17) | 1.0 | 0.185 | |||
No debts (ref.) | ||||||
Psychiatric comorbidity | ||||||
Yes | −0.33 (−2.54, 1.88) | 1.1 | 0.770 | |||
No (ref.) | ||||||
General health status | 1.12 (0.29, 1.96) | 0.4 | 0.009 | |||
Mental health status | 1.37 (0.55, 2.20) | 0.4 | 0.001 | 1.40 (0.56, 2.25) | 0.4 | 0.001 |
Physical condition | 1.31 (0.47, 2.15) | 0.4 | 0.002 | |||
Quality of life | 1.29 (0.47, 2.06) | 0.4 | 0.002 | |||
Cigarette smoking | ||||||
Non-smoker | −0.18 (−2.32, 1.96) | 1.1 | 0.868 | |||
<15 cigarettes | 1.98 (−0.32, 4.27) | 1.2 | 0.091 | |||
≥15 cigarettes (ref.) | ||||||
Alcohol use | ||||||
Daily | −1.95 (−3.73, −0.17) | 0.9 | 0.032 | −2.02 (−3.85, −0.19) | 0.9 | 0.031 |
Less than daily (ref.) | ||||||
Binge drinking | ||||||
Daily | −1.91 (−3.68, −0.15) | 0.9 | 0.034 | |||
Less than daily (ref.) | ||||||
Lifetime illicit drug use | ||||||
No | −0.62 (−2.73, 1.50) | 1.1 | 0.566 | |||
Yes (ref.) | ||||||
Past year illicit drug use | ||||||
Yes | 0.57 (−1.24, 2.37) | 0.9 | 0.538 | |||
No (ref.) | ||||||
First alcohol use | 0.07 (−0.19, 0.33) | 0.1 | 0.594 | |||
First alcohol intoxication | −0.05 (−0.28, 0.18) | 0.1 | 0.685 | |||
Premature treatment termination | −0.01 (−0.61, 0.59) | 0.3 | 0.971 |
Univariate | Multiple (N = 160) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Factor | b (95% CI) | SE | p | b (95% CI) | SE | p |
Gender | ||||||
Woman | −2.19 (−4.85, 0.48) | 1.4 | 0.107 | −2.29 (−4.96, 0.38) | 1.4 | 0.093 |
Man (ref.) | ||||||
Age | 0.05 (−0.11, 0.22) | 0.1 | 0.529 | 0.06 (−0.11, 0.22) | 0.1 | 0.484 |
Type of treatment | ||||||
Detoxification | 1.32 (−1.73, 4.37) | 1.6 | 0.395 | |||
Therapeutic community | −1.15 (−3.84, 1.53) | 1.4 | 0.397 | |||
Follow-up inpatient care | 1.02 (−4.31, 6.34) | 2.7 | 0.707 | |||
Long-term inpatient care (ref.) | ||||||
Housing condition | ||||||
Without home | −1.97 (−4.81, 0.87) | 1.4 | 0.172 | |||
Stable housing (ref.) | ||||||
Household size | ||||||
Single-person | −1.28 (−3.62, 1.05) | 1.2 | 0.280 | |||
Multi-person (ref.) | ||||||
Educational attainment | ||||||
Primary | −0.89 (−3.05, 1.28) | 1.1 | 0.420 | |||
Secondary and higher (ref.) | ||||||
Employment status | ||||||
Long-term unemployed | −0.75 (−3.16, 1.66) | 1.2 | 0.541 | |||
Employed/short-term unemployed (ref). | ||||||
Household net income | 0.30 (0.01, 0.59) | 0.1 | 0.040 | |||
Debt situation | ||||||
Debts | −2.49 (−4.59, −0.29) | 1.1 | 0.021 | −2.01 (−4.15, 0.13) | 1.1 | 0.066 |
No debts (ref.) | ||||||
Psychiatric comorbidity | ||||||
Yes | −2.19 (−4.55, 0.18) | 1.2 | 0.070 | |||
No (ref.) | ||||||
General health status | 1.17 (0.13, 2.22) | 0.5 | 0.028 | |||
Mental health status | 1.67 (0.68, 2.67) | 0.5 | 0.001 | 1.58 (0.58, 2.57) | 0.5 | 0.002 |
Physical condition | 1.18 (0.16, 2.18) | 0.5 | 0.023 | |||
Quality of life | 1.16(0.10, 2.22) | 0.5 | 0.033 | |||
Cigarette smoking | ||||||
Non-smoker | 1.26 (−1.53, 4.05) | 1.4 | 0.374 | |||
<15 cigarettes | 1.68 (−0.97, 4.32) | 1.3 | 0.212 | |||
≥15 cigarettes (ref.) | ||||||
Alcohol use | ||||||
Daily | 0.37 (−2.01, 2.74) | 1.2 | 0.760 | |||
Less than daily (ref.) | ||||||
Binge drinking | ||||||
Daily | −0.91 (−3.54, 1,73) | 1.3 | 0.498 | |||
Less than daily (ref.) | ||||||
First alcohol use | 0.20 (−0.25, 0.64) | 0.2 | 0.391 | |||
First alcohol intoxication | 0.27 (−0.21, 0.75) | 0.2 | 0.267 | |||
First marijuana use | 0.26 (−0.18, 0.70) | 0.2 | 0.247 | |||
First illicit drug use | 0.16 (−0.12, 0.44) | 0.1 | 0.258 | |||
Premature treatment termination | 0.06 (−0.41, 0.52) | 0.2 | 0.813 | |||
Intravenous drug administration | ||||||
Yes | −0.88 (−3.15, 1.39) | 1.2 | 0.444 | |||
No (ref.) | ||||||
First intravenous administration | −0,36 (−0.73, 0.02) | 0.2 | 0.065 | |||
Injection sharing | ||||||
Yes | −2.84 (−5.00, −0.67) | 1.1 | 0.011 | −1.89 (−4.06, 0.27) | 1.1 | 0.086 |
No (ref.) | ||||||
Drug-related infectious diseases | ||||||
Yes | −0.16 (−2.79, 2.46) | 1.3 | 0.902 | |||
No (ref.) |
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Rolova, G.; Gavurova, B.; Petruzelka, B. Health Literacy, Self-Perceived Health, and Substance Use Behavior among Young People with Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4337. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084337
Rolova G, Gavurova B, Petruzelka B. Health Literacy, Self-Perceived Health, and Substance Use Behavior among Young People with Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(8):4337. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084337
Chicago/Turabian StyleRolova, Gabriela, Beata Gavurova, and Benjamin Petruzelka. 2021. "Health Literacy, Self-Perceived Health, and Substance Use Behavior among Young People with Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8: 4337. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084337