We’re Not Gonna Fall: Depressive Complaints, Personal Resilience, Team Social Climate, and Worries about Infections among Hospital Workers during a Pandemic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Hypotheses
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Study Variables
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants
3.2. Descriptives for the Main Study Variables
3.3. Moderated Mediation Model
4. Discussion
Potential Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Demographic/Occupational Characteristic | Category | n | % or Mean (± SD) |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Female | 872 | 77.4% |
Male | 232 | 20.6% | |
Other | 2 | 0.2% | |
Missing values | 20 | 1.8% | |
Total | 1126 | 100% | |
Age (in years) | 1112 | 45.2 (±12.2) | |
Highest level of education | Secondary education | 96 | 8.5% |
Vocational education | 261 | 23.2% | |
Higher education | 653 | 58.0% | |
PhD/MD | 100 | 8.9% | |
Missing | 16 | 1.4% | |
Total | 1126 | 100% | |
Type of contract | Permanent contract | 983 | 87.3% |
Temporary contract | 75 | 6.7% | |
Self-employed | 7 | 0.6% | |
Internship/student | 25 | 2.2% | |
Other | 18 | 1.6% | |
Missing values | 18 | 1.6% | |
Total | 1126 | 100% | |
Working hours a week | <20 h | 63 | 5.6% |
20–29 h | 357 | 31.7% | |
30–40 h | 623 | 55.3% | |
>40 h | 47 | 4.2% | |
Missing values | 36 | 3.2% | |
Total | 1126 | 100% | |
Occupational group | Medical specialists | 67 | 6.0% |
Medical interns, non-specialized physicians, and residents | 32 | 2.8% | |
Registered nurses & licensed practical nurses | 376 | 33.4% | |
Paramedical professions | 74 | 6.6% | |
Clinical support staff | 172 | 15.3% | |
Research and education staff | 44 | 3.9% | |
Management | 35 | 3.1% | |
Administrative staff | 217 | 19.3% | |
Facility staff | 64 | 5.7% | |
Interns (paramedical professions and non-medical professions) | 26 | 2.3% | |
Missing values | 19 | 1.7% | |
Total | 1126 | 100% |
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1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Mean | n | SD | Range | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Personal resilience | 0.72 | - | - | - | 3.67 | 1068 | 0.70 | 1–5 |
2. Worrying about infections | −0.29 a | 0.84 | - | - | 2.99 | 1034 | 0.86 | 1–5 |
3. Team social climate | 0.18 a | −0.08 b | 0.87 | - | 3.73 | 1025 | 0.74 | 1–5 |
4. Depressive complaints | −0.29 a | 0.26 a | −0.18 a | 0.85 | 3.83 | 584 | 3.84 | 0–27 |
β | SE(HC4) | t-Value | p-Value | 95% CI | |
Step 1: Effect of personal resilience on worries about infections | |||||
Personal resilience | −0.42 b | 0.04 | −9.34 | <0.001 | −0.50–−0.33 |
Model R2 = 0.12 b, p < 0.001, df(1) = 1, df(2) = 570 | |||||
β | SE(HC4) | t-Value | p-Value | 95% CI | |
Step 2: Concurrently estimated effects of predictor variables on depressive complaints | |||||
Personal resilience | −0.99 b | 0.23 | −4.23 | <0.001 | −1.45–−0.53 |
Worries about infections | 0.75 b | 0.22 | 3.35 | <0.001 | 0.31–1.19 |
Team social climate | −0.52 a | 0.26 | −2.03 | 0.04 | −1.02–−0.02 |
Interaction Worries * Climate | −0.88 a | 0.40 | −2.18 | 0.03 | −1.68–−0.09 |
Model R2 = 0.14 b, p < 0.001, df(1) = 4, df(2) = 567; R2-change= 0.02 a, p = 0.03, df(1) = 1, df(2) = 567 | |||||
Index | SE(Boot) | 95% CI (Boot) | |||
Step 3: Test of the full moderated mediation effect | |||||
Index of moderated mediation | 0.37 c | 0.16 | 0.07–0.73 |
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Fleuren, B.P.I.; Poesen, L.T.; Gifford, R.E.; Zijlstra, F.R.H.; Ruwaard, D.; van de Baan, F.C.; Westra, D.D. We’re Not Gonna Fall: Depressive Complaints, Personal Resilience, Team Social Climate, and Worries about Infections among Hospital Workers during a Pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4701. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094701
Fleuren BPI, Poesen LT, Gifford RE, Zijlstra FRH, Ruwaard D, van de Baan FC, Westra DD. We’re Not Gonna Fall: Depressive Complaints, Personal Resilience, Team Social Climate, and Worries about Infections among Hospital Workers during a Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(9):4701. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094701
Chicago/Turabian StyleFleuren, Bram P. I., Lieze T. Poesen, Rachel E. Gifford, Fred R. H. Zijlstra, Dirk Ruwaard, Frank C. van de Baan, and Daan D. Westra. 2021. "We’re Not Gonna Fall: Depressive Complaints, Personal Resilience, Team Social Climate, and Worries about Infections among Hospital Workers during a Pandemic" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9: 4701. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094701