Work-Related Stress among a Cohort of Italian Long-Term Care Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Design, Setting, and Participants
2.2. Questionnaires
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
COVID-19 | Coronavirus Disease 2019 |
LTC | Long-Term Care |
Q1 | Questionnaire 1 |
Q2 | Questionnaire 2 |
PCA | Principal Component Analysis |
KPDS | Kessler Psychological Distress Scale |
MBI | Maslach Burnout Inventory |
RSA | Resilience Scale for Adults |
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Q1 (N = 197) | Q2 (N = 308) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender (female, N, rate) | 159 (81%) | 241 (78%) | 0.57 |
Age (years, mean, CI95%) | 44.33 (42.89–45.78) | 45.38 (44.24–46.53) | 0.17 |
Job seniority (years, mean, CI95%) | 7.66 (6.89–8.43) | 7.05 (6.46–7.64) | 0.19 |
Healthcare worker (N, rate) | 96 (49%) | 143 (46%) | 0.76 |
Chronic stress (score, mean, CI95%) | 15.82 (15.01–16.64) | Not measured | - |
Work-related stress (score, mean, CI95%) | 27.84 (25.88–29.81) | 29.08 (27.41–30.75) | 0.65 |
Resilience (score, mean, CI95%) | 58.86 (57.86–59.87) | Not measured | - |
Chronic Stress − (N = 86) | Chronic Stress + (N = 111) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years, mean) | 45.40 | 43.32 | 0.21 |
Gender (female, n, mean) | 67 (86%) | 92 (83%) | 0.47 |
Job seniority (years, mean) | 7.62 | 7.7 | 0.83 |
Healthcare worker (N, rate) | 69 (80%) | 71 (64%) | 0.020 |
Resilience (score, mean) | 60.66 | 57.42 | <0.001 |
Resilience (high vs. low, N, rate) | 63 (73%) | 53 (48%) | <0.001 |
Work-related stress (score, mean) | 20.83 | 30.48 | <0.001 |
Work-related stress (high vs. medium/low, N, rate) | 0 (0%) | 20 (18%) | <0.001 |
Estimate | Std. Error | T Value | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | 17.66 | 15.34 | 1.15 | 0.25 |
Healthcare worker | −1.13 | 2.43 | −0.47 | 0.64 |
Gender (male) | −2.36 | 2.69 | −0.88 | 0.38 |
Chronic stress score | 1.20 | 0.25 | 4.81 | <0.001 |
Resilience score | −0.01 | 0.22 | −0.050 | 0.96 |
Age (years) | −0.14 | 0.12 | −1.14 | 0.26 |
Seniority (years) | 0.05 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.81 |
Question Number (Domain) | Content |
---|---|
6 (D1) | I feel I do not give a constructive contribution to the organization. |
9 (D1) | I feel I am not doing well my job. |
15 (D1) | I have no faith in my professional skills. |
5 (D2) | I feel burned out from of my job. |
7 (D2) | I feel a big gap between my ambition and my job. |
8 (D2) | I feel less enthusiast of my job than ever before. |
12 (D2) | I feel frustrated by my job. |
13 (D2) | I feel fatigued when I get up in the morning and have to face another day on the job. |
1 (D3) | I feel mentally exhausted by my job. |
3 (D3) | An entire working days is a heavy burden for me. |
11 (D3) | I feel drained at the end of a working day. |
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Conti, A.; Russotto, S.; Opizzi, A.; Ratti, M.; Nicolini, D.; Vanhaecht, K.; Panella, M. Work-Related Stress among a Cohort of Italian Long-Term Care Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 5874. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105874
Conti A, Russotto S, Opizzi A, Ratti M, Nicolini D, Vanhaecht K, Panella M. Work-Related Stress among a Cohort of Italian Long-Term Care Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(10):5874. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105874
Chicago/Turabian StyleConti, Andrea, Sophia Russotto, Annalisa Opizzi, Matteo Ratti, Daniele Nicolini, Kris Vanhaecht, and Massimiliano Panella. 2022. "Work-Related Stress among a Cohort of Italian Long-Term Care Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10: 5874. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105874