EEG Global Coherence in Scholar ADHD Children during Visual Object Processing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. ADHD in School-Aged Children
1.2. EEG Research Tools in Pediatric ADHD
1.3. Age-Related Changes in EEG Coherence
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Navon Experimental Paradigm
2.2.1. Global and Local Aspect Recognition
- Global Aspect Recognition Test: In this task children were asked to click on the response pad as soon as they identified the large figure (independently from the smaller figure composing it). We used 6 different types of stimuli: 2 consistent, 2 inconsistent, and 2 neutral. After the response, the entire trial began again by presenting a different stimulus (Figure 1A,C).
- Local Aspect Recognition Test: In contrast to the first part, children were asked to identify the smaller figure without paying attention to the larger figure. The stimuli presented were also 2 consistent, 2 inconsistent, and 2 neutral; however, neutral stimuli were different for each test (global/local) (Figure 1D).
2.2.2. Recordings
2.3. Data Analysis
2.3.1. EEG-EEG Coherence Analysis
2.3.2. Calculation of EEG Spectral Power and EEG-EEG Cortico-Cortical Coherence
2.4. Calculation of Mean-Weighted Coherence
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Global Mean-Weighted Coherence
3.1.1. Intergroup Contrast: Control vs. ADHD
Global Aspect Recognition
Local Aspect Recognition
3.1.2. Intragroup Intra-Condition Contrasts
Control Group
Experimental Group
3.1.3. Intragroup Contrasts Inter-Condition: Global vs. Local
Control Group
Experimental Group
3.2. MWC Maps
3.3. Navon Scores
3.3.1. Intergroup Contrast: Control vs. ADHD
Global Aspect Recognition
Local Aspect Recognition
3.3.2. Intragroup Intra-Condition Contrasts
Control Group
Experimental Group
3.3.3. Intragroup Contrasts Inter-Condition: Global vs. Local
Control Group
Experimental Group
3.4. Latencies
3.4.1. Intergroup Contrast: Control vs. ADHD
Global Aspect Recognition
Local Aspect Recognition
3.4.2. Intragroup Intra-Condition Contrasts
Control Group
Experimental Group
3.4.3. Intragroup Contrasts Inter-Condition: Global vs. Local Condition
Control and Experimental Group
4. Discussion
4.1. Limitations
4.2. Open Questions for Further Research
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Mean Age (SD) | School | Scholarship | Female | Male | Current Drug Use |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 11 (0) | Elementary Urban Public | 5th grade | 5 | 3 | NO |
ADHD | 4 | 4 | NO |
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Hernández-Andrade, L.; Hermosillo-Abundis, A.C.; Betancourt-Navarrete, B.L.; Ruge, D.; Trenado, C.; Lemuz-López, R.; Pelayo-González, H.J.; López-Cortés, V.A.; Bonilla-Sánchez, M.d.R.; García-Flores, M.A.; et al. EEG Global Coherence in Scholar ADHD Children during Visual Object Processing. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 5953. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105953
Hernández-Andrade L, Hermosillo-Abundis AC, Betancourt-Navarrete BL, Ruge D, Trenado C, Lemuz-López R, Pelayo-González HJ, López-Cortés VA, Bonilla-Sánchez MdR, García-Flores MA, et al. EEG Global Coherence in Scholar ADHD Children during Visual Object Processing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(10):5953. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105953
Chicago/Turabian StyleHernández-Andrade, Loyda, Ana Cristina Hermosillo-Abundis, Brenda Lesly Betancourt-Navarrete, Diane Ruge, Carlos Trenado, Rafael Lemuz-López, Héctor Juan Pelayo-González, Vicente Arturo López-Cortés, María del Rosario Bonilla-Sánchez, Marco Antonio García-Flores, and et al. 2022. "EEG Global Coherence in Scholar ADHD Children during Visual Object Processing" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10: 5953. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105953