Frequency of Metabolic Syndrome and Study of Anthropometric, Clinical and Biological Characteristics in Peri- and Postmenopausal Women in the City of Ksar El Kebir (Northern Morocco)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Setting and Participants
- − Peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women;
- − Aged between 45 and 64 years;
- − Be of Moroccan nationality and resident in Ksar el Kebir;
- − Signed informed consent from the participants.
- − Pregnant or breastfeeding women;
- − Women who are not residents of Ksar El Kebir;
- − Women who did not sign the consent form;
- − Women on medication that may affect the results;
- − Women suffering from serious chronic diseases (cancer, renal failure…).
2.2. Variables
2.3. Data Collected
2.3.1. Blood Pressure
2.3.2. Anthropometric Parameters
2.3.3. Biochemical/Biological Parameters
2.4. Evaluation Criteria
2.4.1. Assessment of Menopause
2.4.2. Assessment of Obesity
2.4.3. Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome
- -
- Waist circumference > 102 cm for men and >88 cm for women.
- -
- Triglycerides (TG) ≥ 150 mg/dL.
- -
- HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) < 40 mg/dL in men and <0.50 mg/dL in women.
- -
- Systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg, Diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg.
- -
- Fasting blood glucose ≥ 1.10 mg/dL.
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Peri-Menopause (n = 160) | Post-Menopause (n = 213) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 48.84 ± 2.4 | 56.65 ± 4.29 | 0.000 * |
Height (cm) | 158.79 ± 6.25 | 157.95 ± 6.07 | 0.166 |
Waist size (cm) | 99.12 ± 10.45 | 104.6 ± 11.5 | 0.000 * |
Hip size (cm) | 106.17 ± 9.86 | 109.66 ± 11.39 | 0.003 * |
Weight (kg) | 75.94 ± 12.51 | 79.71 ± 15.21 | 0.020 * |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.93 ± 4.58 | 31.91 ± 5.44 | 0.000 * |
Body fat (%) | 39.65 ± 5.88 | 41.51 ± 5.91 | 0.001 * |
Fasting blood glucose (g/L) | 1.2 ± 0.49 | 1.34 ± 0.53 | 0.000 * |
Total Cholesterol (g/L) | 1.7 ± 0.55 | 1.97 ± 0.68 | 0.000 * |
Triglycerides (g/L) | 1.04 ± 0.51 | 1.35 ± 0.68 | 0.000 * |
HDL-C (g/L) | 0.42 ± 0.07 | 0.43 ± 0.06 | 0.269 |
LDL-C (g/L) | 1.03 ± 0.45 | 1.24 ± 0.54 | 0.000 * |
TG/HDL-C | 2.54 ± 1.39 | 3.23 ± 1.68 | 0.000 * |
CRF (bpm) | 72.83 ± 9.13 | 74.77 ± 9.82 | 0.020 * |
SBP (mmHg) | 127.56 ± 16.33 | 132.13 ± 16.2 | 0.001 * |
DBP (mmHg) | 76.41 ± 11.86 | 78.64 ± 11.54 | 0.039 * |
Peri-Menopause | |||
---|---|---|---|
Absence of the MS (49.38%) | Presence of the MS (50.62%) | p-Value | |
Age (years) | 48.71 ± 2.56 | 48.96 ± 2.24 | 0.245 |
Height (cm) | 159.27 ± 6.33 | 158.33 ± 6.17 | 0.453 |
Waist size (cm) | 96.16 ± 9.51 | 102 ± 10.57 | 0.001 * |
Hip size (cm) | 102.89 ± 9.19 | 109.37 ± 9.47 | 0.000 * |
Weight (kg) | 71.94 ± 9.86 | 79.84 ± 13.6 | 0.000 * |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.18 ± 3.09 | 31.63 ± 5.14 | 0.000 * |
Body fat (%) | 38.16 ± 5.75 | 41.11 ± 5.67 | 0.002 * |
Fasting blood glucose (g/L) | 0.95 ± 0.32 | 1.43 ± 0.51 | 0.000 * |
Total Cholesterol (g/L) | 1.47 ± 0.29 | 1.92 ± 0.64 | 0.000 * |
Triglycerides (g/L) | 0.82 ± 0.24 | 1.25 ± 0.6 | 0.000 * |
HDL-C (g/L) | 0.45 ± 0.08 | 0.4 ± 0.05 | 0.000 * |
LDL-C (g/L) | 0.86 ± 0.27 | 1.21 ± 0.52 | 0.000 * |
TG/HDL-C | 1.86 ± 0.6 | 3.19 ± 1.61 | 0.000 * |
CRF (bpm) | 68.99 ± 5.66 | 76.58 ± 10.28 | 0.000 * |
SBP (mmHg) | 118.96 ± 11.59 | 135.95 ± 15.96 | 0.000 * |
DBP (mmHg)) | 72.41 ± 9.39 | 80.31 ± 12.74 | 0.000 * |
Post-Menopause | |||
Absence of the MS (25.82%) | Presence of the MS (74.18%) | p-Value | |
Age (years) | 55.2 ± 4.54 | 57.16 ± 4.09 | 0.004 * |
Height (cm) | 158.25 ± 5.61 | 157.85 ± 6.23 | 0.628 |
Waist size (cm) | 96.09 ± 7.72 | 107.56 ± 11.13 | 0.000 * |
Hip size (cm) | 102.84 ± 7.77 | 112.03 ± 11.5 | 0.000 * |
Weight (kg) | 71.31 ± 10.91 | 82.63 ± 15.44 | 0.000 * |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.22 ± 3.52 | 33.2 ± 5.41 | 0.000 * |
Body fat (%) | 37.81 ± 5.64 | 42.8 ± 5.46 | 0.000 * |
Fasting blood glucose (g/L) | 0.98 ± 0.3 | 1.46 ± 0.54 | 0.000 * |
Total Cholesterol (g/L) | 1.44 ± 0.28 | 2.16 ± 0.68 | 0.000 * |
Triglycerides (g/L) | 0.76 ± 0.23 | 1.55 ± 0.67 | 0.000 * |
HDL-C (g/L) | 0.45 ± 0.07 | 0.42 ± 0.05 | 0.002 * |
LDL-C (g/L) | 0.84 ± 0.24 | 1.38 ± 0.55 | 0.000 * |
TG/HDL-C | 1.72 ± 0.5 | 3.75 ± 1.63 | 0.000 * |
CRF (bpm) | 69.35 ± 6.57 | 76.66 ± 10.08 | 0.000 * |
SBP (mmHg) | 117.11 ± 11.32 | 137.36 ± 14.28 | 0.000 * |
DBP (mmHg)) | 71.15 ± 8.67 | 81.25 ± 11.29 | 0.000 * |
Perimenopause | Postmenopause | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Waist size (>88 cm) | 142 (38) | 200 (54) | 0.075 |
Triglyceride (≥150 mg/dL) | 22 (6) | 79 (21) | 0.000 * |
HDL-Cholesterol (<50 mg/dL) | 119 (32) | 183 (49) | 0.005 * |
Hypertension (≥130/85 mmHg) | 69 (18) | 131 (35) | 0.000 * |
Fasting blood glucose (≥110 mg/dL) | 64 (17) | 125 (34) | 0.000 * |
Metabolic Syndrome | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Peri-Menopause | Post-Menopause | |||
r-Value | p-Value | r-Value | p-Value | |
Age (years) | 0.092 | 0.246 | 0.198 | 0.004 * |
Height (cm) | −0.060 | 0.455 | −0.033 | 0.629 |
Waist size (cm) | 0.272 | 0.001 * | 0.464 | 0.000 * |
Hip size (cm) | 0.316 | 0.000 * | 0.371 | 0.000 * |
Weight (kg) | 0.302 | 0.000 * | 0.331 | 0.000 * |
BMI (kg/m2) | 0.361 | 0.000 * | 0.427 | 0.000 * |
Body fat (%) | 0.247 | 0.002 * | 0.384 | 0.000 * |
Fasting blood glucose (g/L) | 0.576 | 0.000 * | 0.526 | 0.000 * |
Total Cholesterol (g/L) | 0.406 | 0.000 * | 0.535 | 0.000 * |
Triglycerides (g/L) | 0.406 | 0.000 * | 0.540 | 0.000 * |
HDL-C (g/L) | −0.297 | 0.000 * | −0.216 | 0.002 * |
LDL-C (g/L) | 0.384 | 0.000 * | 0.476 | 0.000 * |
TG/HDL-C | 0.499 | 0.000 * | 0.585 | 0.000 * |
CRF (bpm) | 0.382 | 0.000 * | 0.335 | 0.000 * |
SBP (mmHg) | 0.542 | 0.000 * | 0.578 | 0.000 * |
DBP (mmHg)) | 0.296 | 0.000 * | 0.398 | 0.000 * |
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Harraqui, K.; Oudghiri, D.E.; Hannoun, Z.; Naceiri Mrabti, H.; Aboulghras, S.; M. Assaggaf, H.; S. Rajab, B.; A. Attar, A.; Bouyahya, A.; Bour, A. Frequency of Metabolic Syndrome and Study of Anthropometric, Clinical and Biological Characteristics in Peri- and Postmenopausal Women in the City of Ksar El Kebir (Northern Morocco). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 6109. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106109
Harraqui K, Oudghiri DE, Hannoun Z, Naceiri Mrabti H, Aboulghras S, M. Assaggaf H, S. Rajab B, A. Attar A, Bouyahya A, Bour A. Frequency of Metabolic Syndrome and Study of Anthropometric, Clinical and Biological Characteristics in Peri- and Postmenopausal Women in the City of Ksar El Kebir (Northern Morocco). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(10):6109. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106109
Chicago/Turabian StyleHarraqui, Khouloud, Dia Eddine Oudghiri, Zineb Hannoun, Hanae Naceiri Mrabti, Sara Aboulghras, Hamza M. Assaggaf, Bodour S. Rajab, Ammar A. Attar, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, and Abdellatif Bour. 2022. "Frequency of Metabolic Syndrome and Study of Anthropometric, Clinical and Biological Characteristics in Peri- and Postmenopausal Women in the City of Ksar El Kebir (Northern Morocco)" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10: 6109. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106109