Nanoporous Titanium Enriched with Calcium and Phosphorus Promotes Human Oral Osteoblast Bioactivity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Dental Implant Discs
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- Machined implant surface with no roughening or CaP treatments applied in cold-drawn titanium GR4;
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- Osteopore implant surface was treated by double acid-etching in order to create surface structures and roughness at the micro level. This treatment was followed by washing and final decontamination by plasma;
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- Nanopore implant surface was treated by double acid-etching in order to create surface structures and roughness at the micro level and were further enriched in calcium and phosphorus (CaP treatment) by process of inorganic salts in aqueous solution, to superimpose a nanotopographic complexity. This treatment was followed by washing and final decontamination by plasma.
2.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Analysis
2.3. Water Contact Angle Measurement
2.4. Oral Osteoblasts Culture
2.5. Proliferation Study
2.6. Multiphoton Microscopy
2.7. Cell Staining
2.8. ALP Assay
2.9. Alizarin Red Staining
2.10. Calcium Deposition
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Surface Characterization
3.2. Osteoblasts Proliferation
3.3. Adhesion of Osteoblast on Titanium Discs
3.4. Interaction between Osteoblasts and the Tested Surfaces
3.5. Alkaline Phosphatase Activity
3.6. Calcium Deposition
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
hOBs | human oral osteoblasts |
GR4 | grade 4 |
CaP | calcium and phosphorus |
SEM | scanning electron microscopy |
MTS | (4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide |
Ti | titanium |
ALP | alkaline phosphatase |
DAE | double acid-etching |
BIC | bone-to-implant contact |
FBS | fetal bovine serum |
DMEM | Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium |
OD | optical density |
DAPI | 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole |
pNPP | p-nitrophenyl phosphate |
ARS | alizarin red staining |
PBS | phosphate-buffered saline |
CPC | cetylpyridinium chloride |
SD | standard deviation |
cpTi | commercially pure titanium |
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Pierfelice, T.V.; D’Amico, E.; Iezzi, G.; Piattelli, A.; Di Pietro, N.; D’Arcangelo, C.; Comuzzi, L.; Petrini, M. Nanoporous Titanium Enriched with Calcium and Phosphorus Promotes Human Oral Osteoblast Bioactivity. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 6212. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106212
Pierfelice TV, D’Amico E, Iezzi G, Piattelli A, Di Pietro N, D’Arcangelo C, Comuzzi L, Petrini M. Nanoporous Titanium Enriched with Calcium and Phosphorus Promotes Human Oral Osteoblast Bioactivity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(10):6212. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106212
Chicago/Turabian StylePierfelice, Tania Vanessa, Emira D’Amico, Giovanna Iezzi, Adriano Piattelli, Natalia Di Pietro, Camillo D’Arcangelo, Luca Comuzzi, and Morena Petrini. 2022. "Nanoporous Titanium Enriched with Calcium and Phosphorus Promotes Human Oral Osteoblast Bioactivity" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10: 6212. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106212