Tooth Loss Related with Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in a General Urban Japanese Population: The Suita Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Research Subjects
2.2. Questionnaire Survey
2.3. Survey on the Components of Metabolic Syndrome
2.4. Definition of Metabolic Syndrome
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Men | Women | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≧20 Teeth | ≦19 Teeth | ≧20 Teeth | ≦19 Teeth | ≧20 Teeth | ≦19 Teeth | ||||
Characteristics | (n = 946) | (n = 744) | (n = 1336) | (n = 745) | (n = 2282) | (n = 1489) | |||
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p Value | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p Value | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p Value | |
Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | ||||
Age | 64.6 ± 10.3 | 72.9 ± 9.6 | <0.001 * | 62.5 ± 10.2 | 72.5 ± 9.1 | <0.001 * | 63.4 ± 10.3 | 72.7 ± 9.4 | <0.001 * |
(yrs) | 65.0 (57.0–72.0) | 74.0 (67.0–80.0) | 63.0 (55.0–70.0) | 73.0 (67.0–79.0) | 64.0 (55.0–71.0) | 74.0 (67.0–79.0) | |||
Waist | 85.9 ± 8.0 | 84.9 ± 8.6 | 0.042 * | 81.5 ± 9.1 | 83.3 ± 9.9 | <0.001 * | 83.3 ± 8.9 | 84.1 ± 9.3 | <0.001 * |
(cm) | 86.0 (80.5–91.2) | 85.4 (79.5–90.5) | 80.8 (75.0–87.0) | 83.3 (76.5–89.6) | 83.1 (77.2–89.1) | 84.5 (78.0–90.0) | |||
Diastolic blood pressure | 78.4 ± 10.7 | 77.1 ± 10.7 | 0.012 * | 72.5 ± 10.6 | 74.3 ± 10.8 | <0.001 * | 74.9 ± 11.0 | 75.7 ± 10.8 | <0.040 * |
(mmHg) | 78.0 (71.0–85.6) | 76.6 (69.5–84.5) | 71.5 (64.5–79.5) | 73.5 (67.0–81.5) | 74.5 (67.0–82.5) | 75.0 (68.2–82.7) | |||
Systolic blood pressure | 124.5 ± 17.7 | 127.0 ± 18.7 | 0.003 * | 118.2 ± 17.7 | 126.6 ± 19.9 | <0.001 * | 120.8 ± 17.9 | 126.8 ± 19.3 | <0.001 * |
(mmHg) | 122.8 (112.0–135.1) | 125.0 (113.0–139.0) | 115.5 (105.0–129.5) | 124.5 (111.5–139.5) | 119.0 (107.5–132.5) | 124.5 (112.5–139.0) | |||
HDL cholesterol | 55.0 ± 14.4 | 53.3 ± 14.5 | 0.008 * | 65.2 ± 14.7 | 61.5 ± 14.4 | <0.001 * | 61.0 ± 15.4 | 57.4 ± 15.0 | <0.001 * |
(mg/dL) | 53.0 (46.0–62.0) | 51.0 (43.0–61.0) | 64.0 (55.0–74.0) | 60.0 (51.0–70.0) | 59.0 (50.0–70.0) | 55.0 (46.0–67.0) | |||
LDL cholesterol | 118.6 ± 28.2 | 116.8 ± 27.7 | 0.190 | 131.7 ± 29.5 | 127.4 ± 28.1 | 0.001 * | 126.2 ± 29.7 | 122.1 ± 28.4 | <0.001 * |
(mg/dL) | 119.4 (99.6–136.4) | 116.6 (97.4–135.0) | 131.8 (110.6–150.4) | 124.8 (108.4–144.1) | 125.4 (106.2–145.2) | 121.0 (103.4–140.1) | |||
Fasting plasma glucose | 105.0 ± 24.4 | 106.5 ± 23.2 | 0.069 | 96.2 ± 15.1 | 100.3 ± 18.4 | <0.001 * | 99.8 ± 20.0 | 103.4 ± 21.2 | <0.001 * |
(mg/dL) | 99.0 (93.0–108.0) | 100.0 (93.0–111.0) | 94.0 (89.0–99.0) | 96.0 (90.0–104.0) | 95.0 (90.0–103.0) | 98.0 (92.0–107.0) | |||
Triglyceride | 116.0 ± 69.5 | 113.4 ± 67.9 | 0.595 | 92.8 ± 48.7 | 99.8 ± 47.9 | 0.002 * | 102.5 ± 59.3 | 106.6 ± 59.2 | 0.001 * |
(mg/dL) | 97.0 (69.0–141.0) | 96.0 (68.3–137.0) | 82.0 (60.0–111.0) | 89.0 (68.0–119.0) | 87.5 (64.0–125.0) | 92.0 (68.0–129.0) |
Components of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) | Men | Women | Total | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≧20 teeth | ≦19 Teeth | ≧20 Teeth | ≦19 Teeth | ≧20 Teeth | ≦19 Teeth | ||
(n = 946) | (n = 744) | (n = 1336) | (n = 745) | (n = 2282) | (n = 1489) | ||
No. of Participants (%) | No. of Participants (%) | No. of Participants (%) | |||||
Metabolic Syndrome | Normal | 748 (79.1) | 587 (78.9) | 1135 (85.0) | 560 (75.2) | 1883 (82.5) | 1147 (77.0) |
Abnormal | 198 (20.9) | 157 (21.1) | 201 (15.0) | 185 (24.8) | 399 (17.5) | 342 (23.0) | |
Odds ratio (CI) | 1 | 1.14 (0.88–1.47) | 1 | 1.38 (1.08–1.78) | 1 | 1.29 (1.08–1.55) | |
p value | - | 0.33 | - | 0.01 * | - | 0.01 * | |
Blood pressure (mmHg) | Systolic < 130 and Diastolic < 85 | 560 (59.2) | 399 (53.6) | 970 (72.6) | 439 (58.9) | 1530 (67.0) | 838 (56.3) |
Systolic ≧ 130 or Diastolic ≧ 85 | 386 (40.8) | 345 (46.4) | 366 (27.4) | 306 (41.1) | 752 (33.0) | 651 (43.7) | |
Odds ratio (CI) | 1 | 1.04 (0.84–1.29) | 1 | 1.13 (0.92–1.40) | 1 | 1.12 (0.97–1.30) | |
p value | - | 0.71 | - | 0.27 | - | 0.15 | |
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | <100 | 502 (53.1) | 365 (49.1) | 1008 (75.4) | 472 (63.4) | 1510 (66.2) | 837 (56.2) |
≧100 | 444 (46.9) | 379 (50.9) | 328 (24.6) | 273 (36.6) | 772 (33.8) | 652 (43.8) | |
Odds ratio (CI) | 1 | 1.21 (0.98–1.50) | 1 | 1.33 (1.07–1.65) | 1 | 1.32 (1.14–1.53) | |
p value | - | 0.08 | - | 0.01 * | - | <0.01 * | |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | Men ≧ 40 Women ≧ 50 | 845 (89.3) | 637 (85.6) | 1161 (86.9) | 599 (80.4) | 2006 (87.9) | 1236 (83.0) |
Men < 40 Women < 50 | 101 (10.7) | 107 (14.4) | 175 (13.1) | 146 (19.6) | 276 (12.1) | 253 (17.0) | |
Odds ratio (CI) | 1 | 1.37 (1.00–0.64) | 1 | 1.41 (1.08–1.85) | 1 | 1.37 (1.12–1.69) | |
p value | - | 0.05 * | - | 0.01 * | - | <0.01 * | |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | <150 | 742 (78.4) | 601 (80.8) | 1202 (90.0) | 645 (86.6) | 1944 (85.2) | 1246 (83.7) |
≧150 | 204 (21.6) | 143 (19.2) | 134 (10.0) | 100 (13.4) | 338 (14.8) | 243 (16.3) | |
Odds ratio (CI) | 1 | 1.05 (0.81–1.36) | 1 | 1.48 (1.08–2.01) | 1 | 1.28 (1.05–1.56) | |
p value | - | 0.72 | - | 0.02 * | - | 0.02 * | |
Waist (cm) | Men < 90 Women < 80 | 654 (69.1) | 539 (72.4) | 613 (45.9) | 275 (36.9) | 1267 (55.5) | 814 (54.7) |
Men ≧ 90 Women ≧ 80 | 292 (30.9) | 205 (27.6) | 723 (54.1) | 470 (63.1) | 1015 (44.5) | 675 (45.3) | |
Odds ratio (CI) | 1 | 0.90 (0.72–1.13) | 1 | 1.12 (0.91–1.38) | 1 | 0.97 (0.84–1.12) | |
p value | - | 0.4 | - | 0.31 | - | 0.68 |
Components of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) | Men | Women | Total | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p Value | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p Value | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p Value | ||
Blood pressure (mmHg) | ≧20 teeth | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
≦19 teeth | 1.11 (0.90–1.38) | 0.33 | 1.15 (0.92–1.43) | 0.23 | 1.15(0.98–1.34) | 0.08 | |
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | ≧20 teeth | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
≦19 teeth | 1.22 (0.98–1.51) | 0.08 | 1.37 (1.09–1.70) | 0.01 * | 1.32 (1.13–1.53) | <0.01 * | |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | ≧20 teeth | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
≦19 teeth | 1.23 (0.89–1.70) | 0.21 | 1.40 (1.06–1.83) | 0.02 * | 1.32 (1.07–1.63) | 0.01 * | |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | ≧20 teeth | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
≦19 teeth | 1.06 (0.82–1.39) | 0.65 | 1.47 (1.07–2.02) | 0.02 * | 1.25 (1.02–1.52) | 0.03 * | |
Waist (cm) | ≧20 teeth | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
≦19 teeth | 0.91 (0.72–1.15) | 0.42 | 1.12 (0.91–1.37) | 0.31 | 0.99 (0.85–1.15) | 0.89 |
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Ono, T.; Kato, S.; Kokubo, Y.; Hasegawa, Y.; Kosaka, T.; Maeda, Y.; Okamura, T.; Miyamoto, Y.; Ikebe, K. Tooth Loss Related with Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in a General Urban Japanese Population: The Suita Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 6441. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116441
Ono T, Kato S, Kokubo Y, Hasegawa Y, Kosaka T, Maeda Y, Okamura T, Miyamoto Y, Ikebe K. Tooth Loss Related with Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in a General Urban Japanese Population: The Suita Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(11):6441. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116441
Chicago/Turabian StyleOno, Takahiro, Satoshi Kato, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Yoko Hasegawa, Takayuki Kosaka, Yoshinobu Maeda, Tomonori Okamura, Yoshihiro Miyamoto, and Kazunori Ikebe. 2022. "Tooth Loss Related with Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in a General Urban Japanese Population: The Suita Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11: 6441. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116441