Psychotherapists’ Reports regarding the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Their Patients: A Cross-National Descriptive Study Based on the Social-Ecological Model (SEM)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design, Samples, and Data Collection
2.2. Sample Recruiting
2.3. Data Gathering Period
2.4. Analysis
2.5. Ethics
3. Results
3.1. Narrative Reports of Themes
3.1.1. Public Policy
3.1.2. Community and Societal Level
3.1.3. Interpersonal Level
3.1.4. Individual Level
3.2. Visualisation of Themes
3.3. The Most Frequent Word Stems Used according to Countries
4. Discussion
4.1. Stressful Environmental Conditions
4.2. Maladaptive and Adaptive Responses from the Public Policy to the Individual Level
4.3. Word Stem Analysis
4.4. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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% | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English Equivalent to Local Word Stem | Austria | Germany | Czechia | Slovakia |
Fear/anxiety (anxieties, anxious…) * | 28.5 | 41.7 | 24.0 24.0 | 24.7 23.6 |
worry, worries | 20.5 | 19.2 | 36.5 | 20.2 |
restriction(s), limitation(s), -ing | 12.7 | 25.0 | 18.3 | 16.9 |
uncertainty, -ies | 8.9 | 6.7 | 20.2 | 16.9 |
family, -ar, -ies, inkl. parent(s) | 5.8 | 6.7 | 19.2 | 19.1 |
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Schaffler, Y.; Kuska, M.; Barke, A.; Doering, B.K.; Gossmann, K.; Meier, Z.; Kascakova, N.; Tavel, P.; Humer, E.; Pieh, C.; et al. Psychotherapists’ Reports regarding the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Their Patients: A Cross-National Descriptive Study Based on the Social-Ecological Model (SEM). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 6825. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116825
Schaffler Y, Kuska M, Barke A, Doering BK, Gossmann K, Meier Z, Kascakova N, Tavel P, Humer E, Pieh C, et al. Psychotherapists’ Reports regarding the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Their Patients: A Cross-National Descriptive Study Based on the Social-Ecological Model (SEM). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(11):6825. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116825
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchaffler, Yvonne, Martin Kuska, Antonia Barke, Bettina K. Doering, Katharina Gossmann, Zdenek Meier, Natalia Kascakova, Peter Tavel, Elke Humer, Christoph Pieh, and et al. 2022. "Psychotherapists’ Reports regarding the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Their Patients: A Cross-National Descriptive Study Based on the Social-Ecological Model (SEM)" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11: 6825. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116825