Family Caregiver’s Loneliness and Related Health Factors: What Can Be Changed?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Study Population
2.3. Ethics Approval
2.4. Variables and Measures
2.5. Judgement Criteria
2.6. Other Variables Collected
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
FCG | Family Caregiver |
FCGs | Family Caregivers |
PACA | Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur |
Carsat | Caisse d’Assurance Retraite et de la Santé au Travail |
GFST | Gérontopôle Frailty Screening Tool |
AGGIR | Autonomie Gérontologie Groupes Iso-Ressources |
CNIL | Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des Libertés |
ANOVA | ANalysis Of VAriance |
SPSS | Statistical Package for the Social Sciences |
IBM | International Business Machines |
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Feeling Lonely (Often or Always) 10.3% (n = 91) | Not Feeling Lonely 89.6% (n = 785) | Total 876 | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender (female) * % (n) | 73.6 (67) | 63.4 (498) | 64.5 (565) | 0.055 |
Age (median ± SD) | 61.4 ± 11.1 | 62.9 ± 13.9 | 62.7 ± 13.6 | 0.350 |
Living alone * % (n) | 25.3 (23) | 16.1 (126) | 17 (149) | 0.027 |
Child FCG * % (n) | 67 (61) | 59.9 (470) | 60.6 (531) | |
Spouse FCG % (n) | 28.6 (26) | 28.7 (225) | 28.7 (251 | 0.106 |
Other FCG % (n) | 4.4 (4) | 11.5 (90) | 10.7 (94) | |
In professional activity % (n) | 34.1 (31) | 40.5 (318) | 39.8 (349) | 0.235 |
Low income ** % (n) | 59.5 (50) | 48.7 (342) | 49.9 (392) | 0.061 |
Helping for over a year % (n) | 70.0 (42) | 72.7 (381) | 72.4 (423) | 0.656 |
Without family support * % (n) | 74.7 (68) | 44.8 (352) | 47.9 (420) | 0.000 |
FCGs Feeling Lonely (Often or Always) (n = 91) | FCGs Not Feeling Lonely (n = 785) | Total Population (n = 876) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Health and frailty status | ||||
Having a chronic health problems * % (n) | 52.7 (48) | 39.6 (311) | 41 (359) | 0.016 |
Feeling his health status as poor or bad * % (n) | 60.4 (55) | 25.7 (202) | 29.3 (257) | 0.000 |
Feeling moderate/severe physical pain * % (n) | 82.4 (75) | 57.1 (448) | 59.7 (523) | 0.000 |
Complaining of sleep disorders * % (n) | 73.6 (67) | 28.2 (221) | 32.9 (288) | 0.000 |
Feeling anxious, stressed, or overworked% (n) * | 80.2 (57) | 19.9 (156) | 26.1 (229) | 0.000 |
Having a musculoskeletal disorder * % (n) | 73.6 (67) | 60 (471) | 61.4 (538) | 0.011 |
Being frail according to the GFST score * % (n) | 67 (61) | 28.9 (227) | 32.9 (288) | 0.000 |
Having no regular physical activity * % (n) | 62.6 (57) | 32 (251) | 35.2 (308) | 0.000 |
Having fallen during the previous 6 months * % (n) | 22 (20) | 13.5 (106) | 14.4 (126) | 0.029 |
Having consulted, at least once, a doctor for himself or herself during the previous 3 months * % (n) | 89 (81) | 79.4 (623) | 80.4 (704) | 0.028 |
Renouncing health care during the previous 12 months * % (n) | 30.8 (28) | 10.3 (81) | 12.4 (109) | 0.000 |
Taking at least one psychotropic drug * % (n) | 46.2 (42) | 21.1 (166) | 23.7 (208) | 0.000 |
Having talked with his doctor about his/her status as a FCG * % (n) | 44 (40) | 37.6 (295) | 38.2 (335) | 0.236 |
Burden and perceived consequences of caregiving relationship | ||||
Having a moderate/severe burden (Mini-Zarit score) * % (n) * | 78 (71) | 30.6 (240) | 35.5 (311) | 0.000 |
Having a difficult relationship with older people * % (n) | 42.9 (39) | 13.2 (104) | 16.3 (143) | 0.000 |
Having an impact on family life * % (n) | 54.9 (50) | 22.9 (180) | 26.3 (230) | 0.000 |
Having an impact on the day’s outings * % (n) | 69.2 (63) | 43.2 (339) | 45.9 (402) | 0.000 |
Having an impact on leaving for a few days * % (n) | 69.2 (63) | 45.5 (357) | 47.9 (420) | 0.000 |
Perceiving difficulties in fulfilling their role as FCG * % (n) | 83.5 (76) | 49.9 (392) | 53.4 (468) | 0.000 |
OR | 95% CI | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Child FCG * | 1.846 | 1.048 | 3.250 | 0.034 |
FCG without family support * | 3.379 | 1.837 | 6.123 | 0.000 |
FCG having a difficult relationship with older people * | 2.328 | 1.300 | 4.168 | 0.004 |
Moderate/severe burden FCG * | 2.604 | 1.387 | 4.890 | 0.003 |
FCG limited in assistance by the lack of material or financial means * | 2.506 | 1.409 | 4.459 | 0.002 |
FCG complaining of sleep disorders * | 2.476 | 1.355 | 4.524 | 0.003 |
FCG feeling anxious, stressed, or overworked * | 5.634 | 2.987 | 10.629 | 0.000 |
FCG perceiving his health status as poor or bad * | 2.457 | 1.282 | 4.708 | 0.007 |
Frailty according to the GFST score * | 2.015 | 1.087 | 3.734 | 0.026 |
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Bonin-Guillaume, S.; Arlotto, S.; Blin, A.; Gentile, S. Family Caregiver’s Loneliness and Related Health Factors: What Can Be Changed? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 7050. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127050
Bonin-Guillaume S, Arlotto S, Blin A, Gentile S. Family Caregiver’s Loneliness and Related Health Factors: What Can Be Changed? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(12):7050. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127050
Chicago/Turabian StyleBonin-Guillaume, Sylvie, Sylvie Arlotto, Alice Blin, and Stéphanie Gentile. 2022. "Family Caregiver’s Loneliness and Related Health Factors: What Can Be Changed?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12: 7050. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127050
APA StyleBonin-Guillaume, S., Arlotto, S., Blin, A., & Gentile, S. (2022). Family Caregiver’s Loneliness and Related Health Factors: What Can Be Changed? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(12), 7050. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127050