Effective and Acceptable Eco-Driving Guidance for Human-Driving Vehicles: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Designs of Eco-Driving Guidance
2.1. Static Eco-Driving Training Based on Pre-Determined Guidelines
2.2. Dynamic Guidance Based on Real-Time Driving Operations
2.2.1. Periodic Reports and Feedback
2.2.2. Combined Sensory Methods and Their Acceptance
2.2.3. Gamification Design in Dynamic Eco-Driving Guidance
2.2.4. Optimized Driving Suggestions Considering Traffic States
2.3. Factors That Affect the Guidance Effectiveness
2.3.1. Vehicle Types and Road Types
2.3.2. Drivers’ Characteristics
2.3.3. Sustaining Eco-Driving Behaviour after the Guidance
3. Additional Workload Caused by Eco-Driving and Drivers’ Motivation
4. Discussion
4.1. Comparison with Previous Eco-Driving Reviews
4.2. Challenges in Eco-Driving Guidance
4.2.1. Difficulties in Transferring Eco-Driving Knowledge to Eco-Driving Practice
4.2.2. Improving Experimental Design That Balances Safety and Effectiveness
4.2.3. Encouraging Drivers’ Acceptance through Gamified Designs
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study | Vehicle Type ** | Guidance Type | Guidance Design | Add-On Options | Experiment Type | Effect Sustaining | Energy-Saving/Emission Reduction Effects |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[21] | Medium-class vehicles | Static | Courses | / | On-road test | Immediate | On average, CO2 reduction by 1.7 kg per vehicle per day |
[22] | Light-duty vehicles | Static | Courses | / | On-road test | Immediate | On average, 12% fuel saving |
[23] | Private vehicles | Static | Courses | / | On-road test, survey | 1 week after the training | On average, the fuel economy was reduced by 0.894 km/L to 1.378 km/L |
[24] | Resort vehicles | Static | Courses | / | On-road test | Five months | 8% fuel reduction, 8% CO2 reduction |
[19] | Private vehicles | Static | Courses, coaches | / | On-road test | Immediate | More than 10% |
[25] | Buses | Static | Courses | / | Simulator, survey | Immediate, and 6 months after the training | 11.6% after the training, 16.9% fuel savings after 6 months |
[26] | Logistics trucks | Static | Courses | Monetary and non-monetary incentives | On-road test | Immediate, and 12 months after the training | Significant effects only when adding non-monetary incentives, while the effect fades afterwards |
[27] | Heavy- and medium-duty trucks | Static | Courses | / | On-road test | A fuel reduction of 6.8% (in L/ton-100 km) | |
[28] | Light-duty vehicles | Static | Courses | / | On-road test | 10 months after the training | Fuel savings of 4.6% on city roads and 2.9% on highway roads |
[20] | Light-duty vehicles | Static | Courses | / | On-road test | 12 weeks after the training | 4.6% fuel savings per 100 km |
[29] | Private vehicles | Static | Courses | / | On-road test | Immediate | On average, 6.3% fuel savings (CO2 reduction) |
[30] | Light-duty vehicles | Static | Courses | / | Simulator | Immediate | 8.3% CO2 reduction, 8.4% fuel savings |
[31] | Light-duty vehicles | Static | Courses, interactive guide | / | Simulator | Immediate | Up to 12.38% CO2 reduction |
[32] | Waste collection trucks | Static | Courses, coaches | / | On-road test | 3 months before and after the training | Up to USD 18,507.55 per month of savings in fuel cost, 7.1% reduction in CO2-e emissions and local air pollutants |
[33] | Post vans | Static | Courses | / | On-road test, survey | 1 to 2 weeks after the training | Insignificant differences |
Study | Vehicle Type ** | Guidance Type | Guidance Design | Add-On Options | Experiment Type | Experiment Duration | Energy-Saving/Emission Reduction Effects |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[36] | Buses | Dynamic | Feedbacks | / | On-road test, survey | 1.5 years | 1.4–4.6% fuel savings |
[37] | / | Dynamic | Feedbacks | / | On-road test | Depends on the feedback frequency | Sporadic feedback leads to more CO2 reduction than daily feedback |
[38] | Buses | Dynamic | Visualized, coaches | / | On-road test, survey | 6 weeks | 6.8% fuel savings |
[39] | Light commercial vehicles | Dynamic | Visualized, auditory | / | On-road test | 2 weeks | On average, 7.6% fuel savings |
[40] | Light-duty vehicles | Dynamic | Visualized, haptic | / | Simulator | Immediate | On average, 15.9% to 18.4% fuel savings |
[41] | Light-duty vehicles | Dynamic | Feedback, visualized, auditory | / | Simulator | Immediate | 5.37% CO2 reduction, 5.45% fuel savings |
[42] | Electric light-duty vehicles | Dynamic | Visualized | / | On-road test | Immediate | 8.9% energy savings |
[43] | Light-duty vehicles | Dynamic | Feedback, visualized | / | On-road test | 10 months | On average 3% to 6% CO2 reduction |
[44] | Buses | Static and dynamic | Courses and visualized advice | / | On-road test | One year | 7% fuel savings |
[17] | Light-duty vehicles | Dynamic | Visualized | / | On-road test | Immediate | On average, 30% fuel savings |
[45] | Light-duty vehicles | Dynamic | Feedback | / | On-road test | 3 months | 0.4% fuel savings, 9.3% CO2 reduction |
[46] | Military vehicles | Dynamic | Feedback | / | On-road test | 50 weeks | 3–10% fuel savings |
[47] | / | Feedback | Peer-ranking | On-road test | 4 months | 31% fuel savings of the analysed driver | |
[48] | Taxis | Dynamic | Feedback | Peer-ranking | On-road test | 1 month | On average 4.5% fuel savings |
[49] | Taxis | Dynamic and static | Courses, coaching, feedback | Peer-ranking | Simulator, on-road test | 1 week | Up to 9.6% fuel savings |
[50] | Trucks and light commercial vehicles | Dynamic and static | Courses, feedback, visualized | Peer-ranking | On-road test | 2 months | 5.5% fuel savings |
[51] | Light-duty vehicles | Dynamic | Courses, visualized, auditory, haptic | / | Simulator, survey | Immediate | Up to around 22% fuel savings |
[52] | Light-duty vehicles | Dynamic | Haptic | / | Simulator, survey | Immediate | 11% fuel savings |
[53] | Commercial vehicles | Dynamic and static | Courses, feedback | Monetary rewards, peer-ranking | Simulator | Immediate | Peer competition has a more significant effect on CO2 reduction |
[54] | Buses | Dynamic | Visualized, auditory | / | On-road test | 19 months in total | 6.25% fuel savings |
[55] | Trucks | Dynamic | Visualized, coaches | / | On-road test | 3 months | 4% fuel savings |
[56] | Light-duty vehicles | Dynamic | Visualized | / | On-road test, simulator | Immediate | Up to 45% |
[57] | Light-duty vehicles | Dynamic | Visualized | Monetary rewards, peer-ranking | Simulator | Immediate | 4.7% fuel savings |
[58] | Electric light-duty vehicles | Dynamic | Feedback | Monetary rewards, peer-ranking | On-road test, survey | 2–3 months | On average, 1.02 to 2.99 kWh/100 km energy savings |
[59] | Light commercial vehicles | Dynamic | Auditory | / | On-road test | Immediate | 5–6% fuel savings, up to 65% emission reduction (Nitrogen Oxide) |
[60] | Trucks | Static and dynamic | Courses, feedback | Non-monetary incentives | On-road test | One year in total | 5.2% to 9% fuel savings |
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Tu, R.; Xu, J.; Li, T.; Chen, H. Effective and Acceptable Eco-Driving Guidance for Human-Driving Vehicles: A Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 7310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127310
Tu R, Xu J, Li T, Chen H. Effective and Acceptable Eco-Driving Guidance for Human-Driving Vehicles: A Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(12):7310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127310
Chicago/Turabian StyleTu, Ran, Junshi Xu, Tiezhu Li, and Haibo Chen. 2022. "Effective and Acceptable Eco-Driving Guidance for Human-Driving Vehicles: A Review" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12: 7310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127310