Effects of Problem-Based Learning on the Problem-Solving Ability and Self-Efficacy of Students Majoring in Dental Hygiene
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Before PBL | After PBL | p-Value ** | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||
Total | 3.36 ± 0.41 | 3.64 ± 0.49 | <0.001 | |
1. * | I am going to find out why something does not work out when it does not. | 4.03 ± 0.75 | 4.06 ± 0.96 | 0.831 |
2. * | I do not bother gathering information to figure out how to solve something complicated. | 3.35 ± 0.98 | 3.58 ± 1.03 | 0.109 |
3. * | If I cannot solve a problem at once, I get anxious because it seems that I do not have the ability to solve the problem. | 2.84 ± 1.07 | 3.35 ± 1.14 | 0.033 |
4. * | After I fix something, I do not look at what went right and what went wrong. | 3.26 ± 0.96 | 3.97 ± 0.71 | <0.001 |
5. | I can usually come up with a number of creative and effective ways to solve any problem. | 3.16 ± 0.93 | 3.45 ± 0.72 | 0.119 |
6. | After trying to solve a problem, I take the time to compare the actual result with what I expected. | 3.16 ± 1.07 | 3.45 ± 0.81 | 0.248 |
7. | When I have a problem, I think about solutions a lot until I cannot come up with any more ideas. | 2.94 ± 1.15 | 3.23 ± 1.02 | 0.130 |
8. | I constantly look for changes in my feelings when I encounter a certain problematic situation. | 3.42 ± 0.92 | 3.81 ± 0.95 | 0.070 |
9. | I have the ability to solve most problems, even if the problem is so difficult that at first there seems no right solution. | 3.35 ± 0.80 | 3.61 ± 0.84 | 0.058 |
10. * | A lot of the things I run into are too complex for me to deal with. | 3.23 ± 0.84 | 3.61 ± 1.05 | <0.05 |
11. * | When I make a decision on a problem, I am satisfied with that decision even after that. | 3.23 ± 0.84 | 3.26 ± 1.09 | 0.851 |
12. * | When I run into something, the first thought that comes to my mind is to solve it. | 2.84 ± 0.97 | 2.97 ± 1.05 | 0.423 |
13. * | Sometimes I mess things up by rushing things rather than taking the time and step-by-step solve them. | 3.55 ± 0.93 | 3.55 ± 0.99 | 1.000 |
14. * | When deciding how to solve a problem, I do not weigh every single probability of success. | 3.61 ± 0.88 | 3.77 ± 0.72 | 0.344 |
15. | When I run into a problem, I think first, and then decide what to do next. | 4.06 ± 0.63 | 4.16 ± 0.58 | 0.414 |
16. * | I do things according to the first thought that comes to mind. | 3.06 ± 1.00 | 2.97 ± 0.95 | 0.557 |
17. | When I make a decision, I think about the results of how to solve the problem and compare them one by one. | 3.29 ± 0.86 | 3.84 ± 0.78 | <0.05 |
18. | When I make plans to solve problems, I am confident that I can put those plans into action. | 3.16 ± 0.93 | 3.61 ± 0.80 | <0.05 |
19. | I try to know in advance how the actions I take will affect the whole. | 3.74 ± 0.73 | 3.84 ± 0.64 | 0.522 |
20. * | I think of only one way to solve a problem and no other way. | 3.58 ± 0.92 | 3.87 ± 0.81 | 0.071 |
21. | I believe that most problems that happen to me can be solved if you put in the time and effort. | 3.84 ± 0.73 | 4.03 ± 0.75 | 0.226 |
22. | I have the confidence to handle any problematic situation that I have never experienced before. | 3.00 ± 1.00 | 3.55 ± 0.85 | <0.05 |
23. * | Even when you start taking action to solve a problem, you sometimes get lost or distracted. | 3.00 ± 0.89 | 3.23 ± 0.88 | 0.214 |
24. * | I quickly make a decision and soon regret it. | 3.06 ± 0.93 | 3.90 ± 0.83 | <0.001 |
25. | I believe I have the ability to solve even the most difficult problems I see for the first time. | 3.00 ± 0.77 | 3.65 ± 0.88 | 0.001 |
26. | I compare various problem-solving methods and make decisions. | 3.55 ± 0.81 | 3.77 ± 0.72 | 0.182 |
27. * | When I run into a problem, I do not review what things around me will help solve the problem. | 4.16 ± 0.58 | 3.87 ± 0.92 | 0.107 |
28 | When I am confused about a problem, the first thing I do is identify the problem and come up with all the relevant information. | 3.32 ± 0.83 | 3.81 ± 0.75 | <0.05 |
29 * | Sometimes I get so caught up in my emotions that I cannot think of different ways to deal with the problem. | 3.35 ± 0.98 | 3.71 ± 0.97 | 0.009 |
30 | I think that the actual results of the decisions I have made are generally similar to the results I expected. | 3.32 ± 0.65 | 3.45 ± 0.72 | 0.325 |
31 * | I am not sure if I can solve any problems if they happen. | 3.39 ± 0.76 | 3.74 ± 0.73 | <0.05 |
32 | When I have a problem, I have the ability to figure out exactly what the problem is. | 3.94 ± 0.51 | 4.10 ± 0.79 | 0.169 |
Variable | Before the PBL | After the PBL | p-Value * | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||
Total | 2.67 ± 0.38 | 2.88 ± 0.34 | <0.05 | |
1. | I think most of the content can be learned well when you start studying at school. | 2.94 ± 0.44 | 3.13 ± 0.43 | <0.05 |
2. | Even if the content is complex, I keep trying until I understand it. | 2.94 ± 0.63 | 3.29 ± 0.53 | 0.001 |
3. | When I study, I never stop until I have done as much as I planned. | 2.32 ± 0.70 | 2.52 ± 0.81 | 0.226 |
4. | When I study, if something difficult comes up, I always understand and move on. | 2.94 ± 0.57 | 2.81 ± 0.75 | 0.325 |
5. | When I study, I keep working hard until I achieve the goals I set. | 2.74 ± 0.58 | 2.87 ± 0.56 | 0.211 |
6. | I am confident that I can do well even if the content of learning is difficult. | 2.61 ± 0.62 | 2.94 ± 0.57 | <0.05 |
7. | When I study, I am confident in most content. | 2.48 ± 0.68 | 2.71 ± 0.64 | 0.147 |
8. | When I study, even if it is something I do not want to study much, I study it to the end. | 2.52 ± 0.72 | 2.71 ± 0.90 | 0.206 |
9. | When I decide to study, I start immediately. | 2.19 ± 0.60 | 2.71 ± 0.90 | <0.05 |
10. | I can continue studying even if something interferes with my study. | 2.13 ± 0.72 | 2.29 ± 0.82 | 0.305 |
11. | I keep trying until I understand what I am learning, even if I find it difficult. | 2.90 ± 0.60 | 3.03 ± 0.55 | 0.211 |
12. | When I try to learn something new, I never give up, even if I find it difficult at first. | 2.74 ± 0.68 | 2.87 ± 0.72 | 0.325 |
13. | I think I will be able to study well in the future. | 2.65 ± 0.61 | 3.13 ± 0.62 | <0.001 |
14. | I think most of my learning methods are effective. | 2.55 ± 0.62 | 2.90 ± 0.60 | <0.05 |
15. | I believe in my own abilities in school studies. | 2.68 ± 0.60 | 2.94 ± 0.63 | <0.05 |
16. | When I study, I do not give up easily on most of the content. | 2.68 ± 0.60 | 2.84 ± 0.64 | 0.134 |
17. | It is easy to see why I have difficulties when studying. | 2.87 ± 0.62 | 3.03 ± 0.66 | 0.231 |
18. | When new learning content comes out, I tend to understand it very quickly. | 2.32 ± 0.60 | 2.58 ± 0.72 | 0.073 |
19. | Failure in exams makes me try harder. | 2.74 ± 0.82 | 2.87 ± 0.76 | 0.380 |
20. | When it comes to learning a new subject, you usually know how to study. | 2.52 ± 0.68 | 2.77 ± 0.50 | <0.05 |
21. | I can plan and start studying on my own without the help of others. | 3.10 ± 0.60 | 3.23 ± 0.50 | 0.103 |
22. | I believe that you can study difficult content well if you put in effort. | 3.23 ± 0.50 | 3.32 ± 0.48 | 0.414 |
Problem-Solving Capability | Self-Efficacy | |
---|---|---|
Problem-solving capability | 1.000 | 0.626 ** |
Self-efficacy | 0.626 ** | 1.000 |
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Choi, J.-S.; Bae, S.-M.; Shin, S.-J.; Shin, B.-M.; Lee, H.-J. Effects of Problem-Based Learning on the Problem-Solving Ability and Self-Efficacy of Students Majoring in Dental Hygiene. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 7491. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127491
Choi J-S, Bae S-M, Shin S-J, Shin B-M, Lee H-J. Effects of Problem-Based Learning on the Problem-Solving Ability and Self-Efficacy of Students Majoring in Dental Hygiene. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(12):7491. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127491
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoi, Jin-Sun, Soo-Myoung Bae, Sun-Jung Shin, Bo-Mi Shin, and Hyo-Jin Lee. 2022. "Effects of Problem-Based Learning on the Problem-Solving Ability and Self-Efficacy of Students Majoring in Dental Hygiene" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12: 7491. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127491