Pulmonary Capacity, Blood Composition and Metabolism among Coal Mine Workers in High- and Low-Altitude Aboveground and Underground Workplaces
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Data Processing
- T = duration of the workout
- HRex = heart rate during workout
- HRrest = resting heart rate
- HRmax = maximal heart rate
- e = 2.718
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Heart Rate (HR) Variables
3.2. Metabolism Variables
3.3. Blood Composition Variables
3.4. Pulmonary Function Variables
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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High-Above (n = 19) | High-Under (n = 20) | Low-Above (n = 16) | Low-Under (n = 16) | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 35.84 ± 5.5 | 36.7 ± 5.4 | 36.8 ± 5.8 | 36.7 ± 7.3 | 0.963 | |
Height (cm) | 173.7 ± 6.2 | 172.2 ± 4.7 | 171.0 ± 8.2 | 172.2 ± 5.4 | 0.625 | |
Weight (kg) | 73.6 ± 14.0 | 75.9 ± 12.3 | 70.7 ± 12.7 | 75.4 ± 11.2 | 0.628 | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.3 ± 3.9 | 25.6 ± 3.6 | 24.1 ± 3.3 | 25.3 ± 3.2 | 0.498 | |
Smoking | no | 5 | 5 | 4 | 6 | - |
(per day) | ≤1 pack | 13 | 15 | 9 | 13 | - |
>1 pack | 1 | 0 | 7 | 3 | - |
Altitude | p-Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Worksite | High | Low | Interaction | Altitude | Worksite | |
Average HR (beat) | Under | 85.85 ± 6.32 | 74.94 ± 4.33 | 0.042 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Above | 96.21 ± 5.08 | 79.69 ± 6.62 | ||||
Peak HR (beat) | Under | 132.00 ± 9.11 | 126.75 ± 6.15 | 0.078 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Above | 153.68 ± 7.50 | 141.19 ± 10.56 | ||||
Minimum average HR (beat) | Under | 59.75 ± 6.28 | 50.81 ± 2.83 | 0.285 | <0.001 | 0.012 |
Above | 65.05 ± 8.94 | 53.00 ± 3.23 | ||||
TRIMP (Index) | Under | 169.80 ± 160.26 | 45.29 ± 33.56 | 0.120 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Above | 462.87 ± 219.33 | 206.67 ± 213.49 | ||||
RMSSD-Sleep (ms) | Under | 22.01 ± 7.58 | 37.71 ± 14.56 | 0.553 | <0.001 | 0.761 |
Above | 24.51 ± 10.97 | 36.90 ± 13.20 | ||||
RMSSD-Awake (ms) | Under | 17.46 ± 7.22 | 23.16 ± 3.57 | 0.791 | <0.001 | 0.011 |
Above | 14.19 ± 4.13 | 19.16 ± 7.16 | ||||
SDNN (ms) | Under | 101.64 ± 15.89 | 145.73 ± 21.56 | 0.442 | <0.001 | 0.696 |
Above | 99.57 ± 28.99 | 152.03 ± 22.49 | ||||
LF/HF ratio | Under | 496.31 ± 253.09 | 295.30 ± 143.85 | 0.150 | 0.003 | 0.244 |
Above | 483.95 ± 168.84 | 411.06 ± 125.94 |
Altitude | p-Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Worksite | High | Low | Interaction | Altitude | Worksite | |
Basal metabolism rate (%) | Under | 2041.25 ± 254.97 | 2147.21 ± 302.42 | 0.399 | 0.450 | 0.333 |
Above | 2032.90 ± 278.85 | 2027.06 ± 270.49 | ||||
EE-Total (kcal) | Under | 3795.06 ± 606.38 | 3381.46 ± 794.10 | 0.706 | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Above | 4784.11 ± 1251.11 | 3968.13 ± 1202.84 | ||||
EE-Fat (kcal) | Under | 2671.07 ± 494.27 | 2193.22 ± 652.26 | 0.400 | 0.012 | 0.001 |
Above | 3447.84 ± 1026.17 | 2822.67 ± 980.73 | ||||
EE-Carbohydrates (kcal) | Under | 1123.99 ± 119.01 | 1188.24 ± 174.18 | 0.007 | 0.174 | 0.070 |
Above | 1336.27 ± 231.64 | 1145.46 ± 231.30 |
Altitude | p-Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Worksite | High | Low | Interaction | Altitude | Worksite | |
Red blood cell count (million/mm3) | Under | 5.44 ± 0.68 | 5.28 ± 0.86 | 0.872 | 0.332 | 0.087 |
Above | 5.80 ± 0.88 | 5.58 ± 0.83 | ||||
Hemoglobin concentration (g/dL) | Under | 155.30 ± 12.82 | 151.06 ± 19.60 | 0.627 | 0.468 | 0.581 |
Above | 155.53 ± 11.49 | 154.69 ± 14.05 | ||||
Uric acid (mg/dL) | Under | 403.60 ± 64.11 | 364.81 ± 67.58 | 0.199 | <0.001 | 0.538 |
Above | 431.53 ± 64.66 | 354.94 ± 43.45 | ||||
Total cholesterol (dL) | Under | 4.64 ± 0.87 | 4.07 ± 0.86 | 0.826 | 0.002 | 0.672 |
Above | 4.76 ± 0.88 | 4.11 ± 0.54 | ||||
Creatine kinase (U/L) | Under | 231.95 ± 159.23 | 133.25 ± 68.70 | 0.444 | <0.001 | 0.975 |
Above | 254.89 ± 172.06 | 108.31 ± 58.91 | ||||
N-osteocalcin (mg/dL) | Under | 27.55 ± 7.14 | 26.27 ± 6.73 | 0.056 | 0.007 | 0.637 |
Above | 29.80 ± 6.34 | 22.58 ± 5.03 |
Altitude | p-Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Worksite | High | Low | Interaction | Altitude | Worksite | |
Average VE-rest (million/mm3) | Under | 11.32 ± 1.78 | 8.88 ± 0.92 | 0.984 | <0.001 | 0.856 |
Above | 11.24 ± 1.55 | 8.81 ± 1.96 | ||||
Average respiratory rate (time/min) | Under | 18.90 ± 2.22 | 16.13 ± 1.46 | 0.008 | 0.003 | 0.025 |
Above | 18.68 ± 2.21 | 18.50 ± 1.79 | ||||
Average VE-work (mg/dL) | Under | 14.30 ± 3.21 | 10.69 ± 1.78 | 0.970 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
Above | 16.79 ± 3.19 | 13.13 ± 3.01 | ||||
Average VO2 (mL/kg/min) | Under | 7.41 ± 1.24 | 5.40 ± 0.59 | 0.521 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Above | 8.99 ± 0.92 | 6.65 ± 1.31 | ||||
^ Percent VO2max (%) | Under | 10.93 ± 1.76 | 10.45 ± 1.71 | 0.123 | 0.551 | 0.001 |
Above | 11.98 ± 1.74 | 13.06 ± 3.04 |
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Wang, Y.; Wang, H.; Chen, Y.; Xu, N.; Lee, W.; Lam, W.-K. Pulmonary Capacity, Blood Composition and Metabolism among Coal Mine Workers in High- and Low-Altitude Aboveground and Underground Workplaces. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 8295. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148295
Wang Y, Wang H, Chen Y, Xu N, Lee W, Lam W-K. Pulmonary Capacity, Blood Composition and Metabolism among Coal Mine Workers in High- and Low-Altitude Aboveground and Underground Workplaces. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(14):8295. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148295
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Yi, Hongchu Wang, Yinru Chen, Naxin Xu, Winson Lee, and Wing-Kai Lam. 2022. "Pulmonary Capacity, Blood Composition and Metabolism among Coal Mine Workers in High- and Low-Altitude Aboveground and Underground Workplaces" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14: 8295. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148295