Perceived Information Distortion about COVID-19 Vaccination and Addictive Social Media Use among Social Media Users in Hong Kong: The Moderating Roles of Functional Literacy and Critical Literacy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Outcome of Interest—Addictive Social Media Use (SMU)
1.2. Perceived Information Distortion on Social Media and Addictive SMU
1.3. Potential Moderators—Functional Literacy and Critical Literacy
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Measures
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Implications
4.2. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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N/Mean | (%/SD) | |
---|---|---|
Age | 34.54 | 15.30 |
Gender | ||
Male | 169 | 41.1 |
Female | 242 | 58.9 |
Marital status | ||
Single | 263 | 64 |
Married | 124 | 30.2 |
Cohabitating/divorced/widowed | 24 | 5.8 |
Educational level | ||
Below university | 87 | 21.2 |
University or above | 324 | 78.8 |
Occupational status | ||
Full time | 181 | 44.1 |
Student | 137 | 33.3 |
Retired | 38 | 9.2 |
Part-time/unemployed/housewife | 55 | 13.4 |
Monthly income | ||
Below 10,000 | 186 | 45.3 |
10,000–19,999 | 68 | 16.6 |
20,000–39,999 | 100 | 24.3 |
40,000 above | 54 | 13.1 |
Refuse to disclose | 3 | 0.7 |
SMA | 67 | 16.3 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
1. Age | 1.00 | |||||||||
2. Gender | 0.01 | 1.00 | ||||||||
3. Marital Status | 0.69 ** | 0.04 | 1.00 | |||||||
4. Education | −0.51 ** | −0.06 | −0.45 ** | 1.00 | ||||||
5. Employment | −0.07 | 0.06 | 0.04 | −0.10 * | 1.00 | |||||
6. Monthly income | 0.48 ** | −0.08 | 0.26 ** | −0.07 | −0.67 ** | 1.00 | ||||
7. Perceived information distortion | 0.20 ** | 0.01 | 0.08 | −0.06 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 1.00 | |||
8. Functional literacy | −0.14 ** | −0.07 | −0.14 ** | 0.11 * | 0.05 | −0.08 | −0.13 ** | 1.00 | ||
9. Critical literacy | −0.11 * | 0.01 | −0.08 | 0.11 * | 0.07 | −0.11 * | 0.01 | 0.08 | 1.00 | |
10. Addictive SMU | −0.23 ** | 0.04 | −0.18 ** | 0.11 * | 0.03 | −0.14 ** | 0.02 | −0.26 ** | 0.03 | 1.00 |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | |
Block 1: Demographic variables | ||||||
Age | −0.19 * | (−0.33, −0.04) | −0.23 ** | (−0.37, −0.09) | −0.24 ** | (−0.38, −0.10) |
Education | ||||||
Below university | ref | ref | ref | |||
University or above | 0.00 | (−0.12, 0.11) | 0.00 | (−0.11, 0.11) | 0.00 | [−0.11, 0.11] |
Marital status | ||||||
Single-divorced-cohabited | ref | ref | ref | |||
Married | −0.04 | (−0.17, 0.08) | −0.04 | (−0.16, 0.08) | −0.04 | [−0.16, 0.08] |
Monthly income | ||||||
10,000 or above | ref | ref | ref | |||
below 10,000 | 0.04 | (−0.06, 0.14) | 0.04 | (−0.06, 0.13) | 0.04 | [−0.06, 0.13] |
Incremental R2 (%) | 5.30 *** | – | – | |||
Block 2: Perceived information distortion and functional literacy | ||||||
Perceived information distortion (IV) | – | 0.03 | (−0.06, 0.12) | 0.05 | (−0.04, 0.15) | |
Functional literacy (M1) | – | −0.29 *** | (−0.38, −0.20) | −0.29 *** | (−0.39, −0.20) | |
Incremental R2 (%) | – | 8.60 *** | – | |||
Block 3: Interaction | ||||||
IV*M1 | – | – | −0.10 * | (−0.19, 0.00) | ||
Incremental R2 (%) | – | – | 0.90 *** | |||
Total R2 (%) | 14.80 *** |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | |
Block 1: Demographic variables | ||||||
Age | −0.19 * | (−0.33, −0.04) | −0.21 ** | (−0.35, −0.06) | −0.21 ** | (−0.35, −0.06) |
Education | ||||||
Below university | ref | ref | ref | |||
University or above | 0.00 | (−0.12, 0.11) | −0.01 | (−0.12, 0.11) | −0.01 | (−0.12, 0.11) |
Marital status | ||||||
Single-divorced-cohabited | ref | ref | ref | |||
Married | −0.04 | (−0.17, 0.08) | −0.04 | (−0.16, 0.09) | −0.04 | (−0.17, 0.09) |
Monthly income | ||||||
10,000 or above | ref | ref | ref | |||
Below 10,000 | 0.04 | (−0.06, 0.14) | 0.03 | (−0.07, 0.13) | 0.03 | (−0.07, 0.13) |
Incremental R2 (%) | 5.30 *** | – | – | |||
Block 2: Perceived information distortion and critical literacy | ||||||
Perceived information distortion (IV) | – | 0.06 | (−0.03, 0.16) | 0.06 | (−0.04, 0.16) | |
Critical literacy (M2) | – | 0.00 | (−0.10, 0.09) | −0.01 | (−0.10, 0.09) | |
Incremental R2 (%) | – | 0.40 ** | – | |||
Block 3: Interaction | ||||||
IV × M2 | – | – | 0.10* | (0.00, 0.19) | ||
Incremental R2 (%) | – | – | 0.90 *** | |||
Total R2 (%) | 6.60 *** |
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Xie, L.; Lee, E.W.J.; Fong, V.W.I.; Hui, K.-H.; Xin, M.; Mo, P.K.H. Perceived Information Distortion about COVID-19 Vaccination and Addictive Social Media Use among Social Media Users in Hong Kong: The Moderating Roles of Functional Literacy and Critical Literacy. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 8550. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148550
Xie L, Lee EWJ, Fong VWI, Hui K-H, Xin M, Mo PKH. Perceived Information Distortion about COVID-19 Vaccination and Addictive Social Media Use among Social Media Users in Hong Kong: The Moderating Roles of Functional Literacy and Critical Literacy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(14):8550. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148550
Chicago/Turabian StyleXie, Luyao, Edmund W. J. Lee, Vivian W. I. Fong, Kam-Hei Hui, Meiqi Xin, and Phoenix K. H. Mo. 2022. "Perceived Information Distortion about COVID-19 Vaccination and Addictive Social Media Use among Social Media Users in Hong Kong: The Moderating Roles of Functional Literacy and Critical Literacy" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14: 8550. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148550