The Effects of Strain-Based Work–Parenting Conflict on Dual Income Couples’ Energy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Parenting Distress
1.2. Work Distress
1.3. Work–Parenting Conflict
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample and Procedure
2.2. Materials
2.2.1. Parenting and Work Distress
2.2.2. Energy
2.2.3. Marital Satisfaction
2.2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Theoretical Applications
4.2. Practical Applications
4.3. Limitations and Future Directions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Variable | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. W Age | - | |||||||||||||||||
2. H Age | .77 ** | - | ||||||||||||||||
3. W Income | .04 | .00 | - | |||||||||||||||
4. H Income | .04 | .05 | .12 | - | ||||||||||||||
5. W No. of Children | −.03 | −.00 | −.20 ** | −.14 * | - | |||||||||||||
6. H No. of Children | .07 | .07 | −.20 ** | −.16 * | .85 * | - | ||||||||||||
7. W Weekly Work Hours | −.15 * | −.14 * | .45 ** | −.00 | .12 | .07 | - | |||||||||||
8. H Weekly Work Hours | .06 | .07 | −.07 | .29 ** | .03 | .07 | −.05 | - | ||||||||||
9. W Life Satisfaction | −.07 | −.11 | .15 * | .22 ** | −.20 ** | −.19 ** | −.05 | −.23 ** | (.91) | |||||||||
1. H Life Satisfaction | −.08 | −.06 | .03 | .30 ** | −.10 | −.20 ** | −.04 | −.19 ** | .46 ** | (.91) | ||||||||
11. W Marital Satisfaction | −.01 | .03 | −.10 | .14 | −.12 * | −.14 * | −.01 | −.08 | .47 ** | .37 ** | (.97) | |||||||
12. H Marital Satisfaction | −.07 | .03 | .03 | .01 | .02 | .05 | −.05 | −.05 | .28 ** | .59 ** | .42 ** | (.96) | ||||||
13. W Parenting Distress | −.13 | −.08 | .04 | .00 | .07 | .03 | −.07 | .05 | −.44 ** | −.19 ** | −.23 ** | −.08 | (.83) | |||||
14. H Parenting Distress | .01 | −.06 | −.07 | .01 | .05 | .18 ** | −.11 | .05 | −.18 ** | −.40 ** | −.18 ** | −.32 ** | .20 ** | (.82) | ||||
15. W Work Distress | −.04 | −.09 | .12 | −.16 | .02 | .02 | .27 ** | .01 | −.26 ** | −.10 | −.33 ** | −.08 | .18 * | .02 | (.84) | |||
16. H Work Distress | −.01 | −.02 | −.03 | .06 | −.21 ** | −.13 | −.18 * | .07 | −.08 | −.35 ** | .05 | −.19 ** | .04 | .40 ** | −.02 | (.86) | ||
17. W Energy | .18** | .17 ** | −.09 | .13 | −.05 | −.03 | −.14 * | −.04 | .43 ** | .20 ** | .27 ** | .14 * | −.45 ** | −.13 | −.30 ** | −.07 | (.84) | |
18. H Energy | .15* | .18 ** | .06 | .11 | −.05 | −.13 * | −.02 | −.13 * | .11 | .37 ** | .04 | .28 ** | −.04 | −.42 ** | −.09 | −.32 ** | .12 | (.80) |
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Variable | Count (%) or Mean (SD) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Overall (N = 620) | Wives (n = 310) | Husbands (n = 310) | p-Value | |
Age | 37.22 (6.03) | 36.34 (5.66) | 38.15 (6.28) | <.001 *** |
Race a | – | – | – | .54 |
Black | 173 (27.90%) | 82 (26.45%) | 91 (29.35%) | – |
Asian American | 4 (.65%) | 2 (.65%) | 2 (.65%) | – |
White | 417 (67.26%) | 214 (69.03%) | 203 (65.48%) | – |
Hispanic | 18 (2.90%) | 9 (2.90%) | 9 (2.90%) | – |
American Indian | 5 (.81%) | 2 (.65%) | 3 (.97%) | – |
Other | 3 (.48%) | 1 (.32%) | 2 (.65%) | – |
Individual Income a | – | – | – | <.001 *** |
Less than $10,000 | 28 (6.67%) | 23 (11.73%) | 5 (2.23%) | – |
$10,000–$19,999 | 52 (12.38%) | 35 (17.86%) | 17 (7.59%) | – |
$20,000–$29,999 | 52 (12.38%) | 33 (16.84%) | 19 (8.48%) | – |
$30,000–$39,999 | 69 (16.43%) | 30 (15.31%) | 39 (17.41%) | – |
$40,000–$54,999 | 94 (22.38%) | 45 (22.96%) | 49 (21.88%) | – |
$55,000–$74,999 | 66 (15.71%) | 15 (7.65%) | 51 (22.77%) | – |
$75,000 and greater | 59 (14.05%) | 15 (7.65%) | 44 (19.64%) | – |
Number of Children | 2.44 (1.56) | 2.46 (1.66) | 2.42 (1.45) | .77 |
Hours Worked Weekly | 5.48 (22.21) | 5.59 (26.09) | 5.37 (16.98) | .91 |
Life Satisfaction | 24.72 (7.21) | 24.76 (7.40) | 24.67 (7.02) | .88 |
Marital Satisfaction | 107.21 (27.26) | 107.46 (26.92) | 106.95 (27.68) | .83 |
Work Distress | 1.95 (.61) | 1.99 (.61) | 1.93 (.61) | .34 |
Parenting Distress | 1.69 (.56) | 1.76 (.57) | 1.62 (.54) | .003 ** |
Energy | 55.01 (2.49) | 5.87 (21.24) | 59.59 (18.62) | .08 |
Main Effects | Interaction | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | B | SE | β | B | SE | β |
Wives | ||||||
Intercept | 52.10 | 1.12 | - | 52.06 | 1.18 | - |
Actor Marital Satisfaction | .08 | .05 | .11 | .08 | .05 | .10 |
Partner Marital Satisfaction | .03 | .06 | .04 | .02 | .06 | .03 |
Actor Parenting Distress | −14.46 *** | 2.06 | −.39 | −34.47 *** | 8.04 | −.92 |
Partner Parenting Distress | 1.93 | 2.85 | .05 | 6.19 | 7.98 | .16 |
Actor Work Distress | −7.12 *** | 2.25 | −.21 | −24.91 ** | 7.19 | −.72 |
Partner Work Distress | −3.14 | 2.40 | −.09 | .37 | 6.34 | .01 |
Actor Parenting Distress × Work Distress | 1.21 ** | 3.98 | .82 | |||
Partner Parenting Distress × Work Distress | −1.88 | 3.42 | −.17 | |||
R2 | .28 | .30 | ||||
Husbands | ||||||
Intercept | 58.58 | 1.03 | - | 58.88 | 1.09 | - |
Actor Marital Satisfaction | .13 ** | .04 | .19 | .12 ** | .04 | .18 |
Partner Marital Satisfaction | −.09 | .05 | −.13 | −.09 | .05 | −.13 |
Actor Parenting Distress | −1.50 *** | 2.24 | −.31 | −3.77 | 6.91 | −.11 |
Partner Parenting Distress | 1.12 | 2.11 | .04 | −4.03 | 8.71 | −.12 |
Actor Work Distress | −5.64 ** | 2.06 | −.19 | −.45 | 5.40 | −.02 |
Partner Work Distress | −4.47 | 2.34 | −.15 | −9.28 | 7.90 | −.31 |
Actor Parenting Distress × Work Distress | −3.01 | 2.95 | −.31 | |||
Partner Parenting Distress × Work Distress | 2.70 | 4.47 | .25 | |||
R2 | .25 | .26 |
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Paoletti, J.; Derrick, J.L.; Fagundes, C.P.; Leonard, K.E. The Effects of Strain-Based Work–Parenting Conflict on Dual Income Couples’ Energy. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 9125. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159125
Paoletti J, Derrick JL, Fagundes CP, Leonard KE. The Effects of Strain-Based Work–Parenting Conflict on Dual Income Couples’ Energy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(15):9125. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159125
Chicago/Turabian StylePaoletti, Jensine, Jaye L. Derrick, Christopher P. Fagundes, and Kenneth E. Leonard. 2022. "The Effects of Strain-Based Work–Parenting Conflict on Dual Income Couples’ Energy" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15: 9125. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159125