Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBTC) Applied to the Study of Root Morphological Characteristics of Deciduous Teeth: An In Vitro Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Selection
2.2. Collection, Storage of Teeth and Formation of Groups
2.3. Image Acquisition and 3D Reconstruction
2.4. Evaluation of Canal Morphology
2.5. Root and Canal Length Measurement
2.6. Root Canal Angulation
2.7. Root Canal Diameter Measurements
2.8. Volumes and Surfaces Measurement
2.9. Calibration, Pilot Test, Internal Validity
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sample Distribution
3.2. General Characteristics
3.3. Specific Characteristics
4. Discussion
4.1. General External Characteristics of the Root Morphology of the Maxillary Molars
4.2. General Internal Characteristics of the Root Morphology of the Maxillary Molars
4.3. General External Characteristics of the Root Morphology of the Mandibular Molars
4.4. General Internal Characteristics of the Root Morphology of the Mandibular Molars
4.5. Root Canal Characteristics of the Maxillary and Mandibular Molars
4.5.1. Typology of Root Canals
4.5.2. The Axial Length of the Root Canal
4.5.3. Two-Dimensional Surface in mm2 of the Root Canals
4.5.4. Three-Dimensional Volume in mm3 of the Root Canals
4.5.5. Mesiodistal and Buccolingual Diameters of the Root Canals
4.5.6. Curvatures of the Root Canals
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Maxillary | Mandibular | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weine’s Classification | 1M | 2M | 1M | 2M | ||
Root | Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | Root | Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | |
I | MB | 28 (93.3%) * | 16 (69.6%) * | M | 14 (31.1%) | 7 (20.6%) |
II | 2 (8.7%) | 3 (6.7%) | 1 (2.9%) | |||
III | 1 (4.3%) | 20 (44.4%) * | 24 (70.6%) * | |||
IV | 2 (6.7%) | 4 (17.4%) | 8 (17.8%) | 2 (5.9%) | ||
I | DB | 13 (46.4%) | 9 (39.1%) | D | 18 (40%) | 13 (38.2%) |
II | 2 (8.7%) | 1 (2.2%) | 1 (2.9%) | |||
III | 13 (46.4%) | 10 (43.5%) | 16 (36.6%) | 14 (41.2%) | ||
IV | 2 (7.1%) | 2 (8.7%) | 10 (22.2%) | 6 (17,6%) | ||
Fusion PR + DBR | 14 (46.6%) | 9 (39.1%) | ||||
I | P | 13 (81.3%) | 12 (85.7%) | S | 2 (100%) | |
II | 2 (14.3%) | |||||
III | 1 (6.3%) | |||||
IV | 2 (12.5%) |
Root | Maxillary | |||
1M | 2M | |||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
MB | 6.58 | 1.14 | 8.61 * | 1.15 |
DB | 5.57 | 1.23 | 7.90 * | 1.41 |
P | 5.98 | 1.07 | 8.43 * | 1.38 |
Mandibular | ||||
1M | 2M | |||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
M | 7.58 | 1.27 | 7.89 | 1.35 |
D | 6.57 | 1.20 | 7.62 * | 1.21 |
S | 7.41 | 1.39 |
Tooth | Root Canal | Length (mm) | Angulation (Degree) | Surface (mm2) | Volume (mm3) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
Maxillary | ||||||||||
1M | MB | 5.68 | 0.88 | 21.2 | 11.68 | 18.66 | 4.79 | 3.42 | 1.53 | |
DB | 4.66 | 1.30 | 20.32 | 8.46 | 15.54 | 7.46 | 2.26 | 1.50 | ||
P | 5.58 | 1.26 | 17.58 | 8.30 | 21.06 | 8.03 | 4.71 | 2.66 | ||
2M | MB | 7.25 * | 1.42 | 23.83 | 7.41 | 26.28 * | 7.40 | 4.21 | 2.38 | |
CC | 7.29 | 0.45 | 22.75 | 4.17 | 27.19 | 19.99 | 4.55 | 4.30 | ||
DB | 6.75 * | 1.39 | 24.03 | 7.28 | 24.20 * | 7.56 | 3.68 * | 1.89 | ||
P | 7.20 * | 1.39 | 15.25 | 6.04 | 29.70 * | 9.22 | 6.89 * | 3.92 | ||
Mandibular | ||||||||||
1M | M | B | 7.06 | 1.41 | 25.98 * | 8.21 | 23.98 | 11.42 | 4.34 | 2.96 |
L | 5.49 | 1.39 | 18.72 * | 7.46 | 26.09 | 14.39 | 5.06 | 4.14 | ||
D | B | 5.45 | 1.27 | 18.00 | 6.43 | 21.81 | 15.71 | 3.48 | 3.35 | |
L | 4.98 | 1.31 | 14.87 | 6.77 | 26.79 | 12.63 | 5.02 | 3.19 | ||
S | 6.16 | 0.97 | 12.15 | 1.20 | 19.42 | 6.97 | 3.63 | 2.01 | ||
2M | M | B | 7.18 | 1.13 | 18.74 | 7.61 | 19.67 | 6.10 | 2.91 | 1.36 |
L | 6.31 | 1.38 | 14.67 | 7.81 | 25.71 | 16.84 | 5.10 | 5.11 | ||
D | B | 7.05 * | 1.34 | 21.95 * | 7.33 | 24.85 | 7.01 | 4.22 | 2.07 | |
L | 5.94 * | 1.16 | 14.45 | 4.97 | 35.28 * | 15.79 | 7.65 * | 5.71 |
Maxillary | Mandibular | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1M | 2M | 1M | 2M | |||||||||||
Root canal | measure | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Root | Canal | measure | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
MB | BL | C | 1.15 | 0.34 | 1.68 * | 0.5 | M | B | BL | C | 1.78 | 0.5 | 1.63 | 0.81 |
M | 1.28 | 0.34 | 1.31 | 0.48 | M | 1 | 0.57 | 0.93 | 0.28 | |||||
A | 0.70 * | 0.46 | 0.37 | 0.43 | A | 0.27 | 0.09 | 0.33 | 0.21 | |||||
MD | C | 0.6 | 0.16 | 0.61 | 0.25 | MD | C | 0.84 | 0.3 | 0.53 | 0.19 | |||
M | 0.49 | 0.16 | 0.41 | 0.14 | M | 0.48 | 0.19 | 0.4 | 0.15 | |||||
A | 0.26 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.16 | A | 0.16 | 0.08 | 0.19 | 0.08 | |||||
DB | BL | C | 2.34 | 1.42 | 1.89 | 0.89 | L | BL | C | 1.83 | 0.56 | 1.95 | 1.06 | |
M | 1.08 | 0.44 | 1.35 | 0.49 | M | 1.64 | 1.02 | 1.6 | 1.2 | |||||
A | 0.51 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.25 | A | 0.65 | 0.71 | 0.68 | 0.91 | |||||
MD | C | 0.53 | 0.24 | 0.58 | 0.23 | M-D | C | 0.69 * | 0.28 | 0.59 | 0.26 | |||
M | 0.34 | 0.13 | 0.44 * | 0.12 | M | 0.39 | 0.21 | 0.4 | 0.17 | |||||
A | 0.18 | 0.07 | 0.16 | 0.1 | A | 0.22 | 0.14 | 0.23 | 0.1 | |||||
P | BL | C | 2.32 | 1.37 | 1.63 | 0.71 | D | B | L | C | 2.37 * | 0.67 | 1.55 | 0.8 |
M | 1.08 | 0.4 | 1.29 | 0.39 | M | 1.35 | 1.27 | 1.18 | 0.61 | |||||
A | 0.53 | 0.32 | 0.51 | 0.24 | A | 0.34 | 0.15 | 0.35 | 0.21 | |||||
MD | C | 1.17 | 0.38 | 1.19 | 0.81 | MD | C | 0.67 | 0.19 | 0.6 | 0.29 | |||
M | 0.79 | 0.4 | 0.99 | 0.45 | M | 0.31 | 0.15 | 0.46 | 0.09 | |||||
A | 0.34 | 0.27 | 0.42 | 0.34 | A | 0.17 | 0.07 | 0.2 | 0.08 | |||||
L | BL | C | 2.28 | 0.67 | 2.39 | 0.96 | ||||||||
M | 1.9 | 1.04 | 2.22 | 1.11 | ||||||||||
A | 0.88 | 1.07 | 1.04 | 1.02 | ||||||||||
MD | C | 0.83 | 0.21 | 0.8 | 0.32 | |||||||||
M | 0.43 | 0.14 | 0.44 | 0.14 | ||||||||||
A | 0.2 | 0.09 | 0.26 * | 0.14 |
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Ticona-Flores, J.; Diéguez-Pérez, M. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBTC) Applied to the Study of Root Morphological Characteristics of Deciduous Teeth: An In Vitro Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 9162. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159162
Ticona-Flores J, Diéguez-Pérez M. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBTC) Applied to the Study of Root Morphological Characteristics of Deciduous Teeth: An In Vitro Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(15):9162. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159162
Chicago/Turabian StyleTicona-Flores, Jesús, and Montserrat Diéguez-Pérez. 2022. "Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBTC) Applied to the Study of Root Morphological Characteristics of Deciduous Teeth: An In Vitro Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15: 9162. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159162