The Perceptions of Children and Adolescents with Cancer Regarding Nurses’ Communication Behaviors during Needle Procedures
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Aims
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Data Gathering
2.4. Data Analysis
2.5. Rigor
2.6. Ethical Consideration
3. Results
3.1. Nurses Need to Explain Clearly What They Are Going to Do, While Also Allowing Children to Express Their Emotions without Feeling Coerced
With children, especially those of my age, I think you need to be gentle, to talk to them gently. “OK, so this is what we’re going to do(Participant 1)
If someone comes and they’re in a bad mood when they tell you things. How can I put it… I think they should be more tactful in how they say things. I think it’s important(Participant 4)
A happy mood, that’s what they need to show(Participant 3)
A lot of them already do it, but if they talk to you in a more positive, happy way, well all the better(Participant 4)
Sometimes they say things really quickly, and sometimes they mumble. They need to speak up, because if they mumble we don’t get what they’re saying(Participant 7)
Sometimes they speak in Catalan and I don’t understand. So then I tell them to speak Spanish so that I can understand them(Participant 7)
Well, because they shouted at you, they shouted. Some people just don’t understand the pain a child can feel(Participant 1)
They say to you: “We’re going to take some blood, and don’t cry because it’ll be quick(Participant 7)
It’s intimidating when four or five people come and tell you what you have to do(Participant 1)
Yes, with the new staff, because then they learn. Because they know that I won’t(Participant 3)
3.2. Nurses Need to Be Honest and Approachable and Relate to Children as Active Participants in the Treatment Process
You trust them more than if they say, oh, it’s not going to hurt, or whatever(Participant 4)
Someone like that, you trust them more than someone who is cold or distant and who tells you it won’t hurt(Participant 4)
I like them to be straight with me. For example, in this hospital they tell it like it is. They don’t say one thing to your mother and something different to you(Participant 4)
For example, you ask if it’s going to hurt and they say no, but then it really hurts. If it’s going to hurt, then say so, and then the next time try to do it better and I won’t be so nervous(Participant 7)
I was crying. I said I couldn’t take it any more. Don’t you remember [child turns to his mother] that they said they were going to give me a prize, but they didn’t(Participant 7)
All the nurses are lovely. If it’s the first time we’ve met, then they’ll say “My name’s so and so, and I’ll be here for a few days”. I’ve got to know almost all the nurses on the ward!(Participant 6)
I like them to tell me what they’re going to do(Participant 5)
It depends on the nurse. Sometimes they do talk to you when they’re doing something to you. But normally they’re talking among themselves(Participant 1)
It depends on the nurse, but normally no. It’s more about getting the job done(Participant 3)
They do talk to the younger children, so that they concentrate(Participant 3)
They don’t always ask me if the injection hurt(Participant 3)
Sometimes they ask me if the injection hurt(Participant 4)
3.3. It Is Distressing to Hear Other Children Who Are Undergoing a Needle Procedure Cry Out in Pain
I like the door shut, because you can hear people in other rooms, people crying, for example. It doesn’t help(Participant 1)
I never like to hear other children crying, because I put myself in their shoes(Participant 2)
It bothers me. Things are quiet, but then you hear this “ahhh” [a child crying]. It’s upsetting. But then you tell yourself, well, it’s what you’d expect. You’d expect this in a hospital(Participant 3)
Well of course, when you hear other children crying or whatever, you think to yourself ‘God, I bet it’s going to hurt!’(Participant 4)
When it’s the little kids’ turn, when they see the needle and they begin to scream, ‘ahhh!. On the one hand, you think, ‘poor things’, but they’re also a bit annoying(Participant 6)
It upsets me to hear them cry(Participant 5)
I feel sorry for those who cry(Participant 8)
3.4. The Demands of the Working Environment Mean That Nurses Are Focused on the Technical Side of Procedures, and Thus They May Fail to Consider the Communication Needs of Young Patients
I’d like them to devote more time to me. It’d be nice if they didn’t just talk to each other but also to me(Participant 1)
But I also understand, because I realize they have lots to do. So I guess they talk to you like that because they’ve got more important things to do. They’re in a hurry and all that(Participant 1)
And I Would close my eyes and tell nurses to wait for me to ready(Participant 8)
So I closed my eyes and told the nurses to wait until I was ready(Participant 5)
If someone comes and they’re in a bad mood when they tell you things(Participant 4)
Because sometimes they seem bored(Participant 7)
I’d like them to devote more time to me. It’d be nice if they didn’t just talk to each other but also to me(Participant 1)
But I also understand, because I realize they have lots to do. So I guess they talk to you like that because they’ve got more important things to do. They’re in a hurry and all that(Participant 1)
If someone comes and they’re in a bad mood when they tell you things(Participant 4)
Because sometimes they seem bored(Participant 7)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Participant | Age | Sex | Diagnosis | Treatment Phase | Siblings | Parent Present |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 13 years old | Female | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | Presence of post-treatment sequelae No history of relapse | None | Parents together |
2 | 16 years old | Female | Acute lymphobastic leukemia | History of relapse | Has 12 year-old-brother | Parents together |
3 | 14 years old | Female | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | Bone marrow transplant | Has 19-year-old brother | Parents together |
4 | 18 years old | Male | Acute- lymphoblastic leukemia | No history of relapse | None | Parents together |
5 | 10 years-old | Male | Acute-lymphoblastic leukemia | History of relapse | None | Parents separated |
6 | 10 years old | Male | Acute-lymphoblastic leukemia | No history of relapse | None | Parents together |
7 | 9 years-old | Male | Acute- lymphoblastic leukemia | No history of relapse | Has 3-year-old brother | Parents together (but father currently in Venezuela) |
8 | 13-years-old | Female | Brain tumour | No history of relapse | Has 15-year-old brother | Parents together |
Themes to Be Explored | Purpose of Exploring the Theme |
---|---|
Theme 1: Tell me something about your illness since you first learned that you had cancer | To provide a socio-historical context in which to understand the participant’s lived experience |
Theme 2: Tell me something about what it’s like for you when you have to undergo treatment that involves needle procedures | To gather information about the participant’s lived experience in relation to the study topic |
Theme 3: Tell me something about what it means for you to undergo these kinds of procedures | To gather information about the meaning of this experience for the participant. |
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Gómez-Gamboa, E.; Rodrigo-Pedrosa, O.; San-Millán, M.; Saz-Roy, M.A.; Negre-Loscertales, A.; Puig-Llobet, M. The Perceptions of Children and Adolescents with Cancer Regarding Nurses’ Communication Behaviors during Needle Procedures. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 9372. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159372
Gómez-Gamboa E, Rodrigo-Pedrosa O, San-Millán M, Saz-Roy MA, Negre-Loscertales A, Puig-Llobet M. The Perceptions of Children and Adolescents with Cancer Regarding Nurses’ Communication Behaviors during Needle Procedures. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(15):9372. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159372
Chicago/Turabian StyleGómez-Gamboa, Encarna, Olga Rodrigo-Pedrosa, Marta San-Millán, Maria Angeles Saz-Roy, Anna Negre-Loscertales, and Montserrat Puig-Llobet. 2022. "The Perceptions of Children and Adolescents with Cancer Regarding Nurses’ Communication Behaviors during Needle Procedures" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15: 9372. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159372