The Relationship between Postmenopausal Women’s Self-Esteem and Physical Activity Level—A Survey Study from Poland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participant
2.2. Instruments
2.2.1. General Data
2.2.2. International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)—Short Form
- −
- Three or more days of vigorous activity of >20 min per day;
- −
- Five or more days of moderate-intensity activity or walking of >30 min per day;
- −
2.2.3. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES)
2.2.4. Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI–II)
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | n | % |
---|---|---|
Educational level | ||
elementary school | 31 | 27.43 |
high school | 65 | 57.52 |
university | 17 | 15.04 |
Marital status | ||
single | 6 | 5.31 |
married/with a partner | 81 | 71.68 |
widowed | 26 | 23.01 |
Place of living | ||
village | 17 | 15.04 |
country | 96 | 84.96 |
Economic status | ||
<40,000 Polish zloty | 65 | 57.52 |
4000–6000 Polish zloty | 44 | 38.94 |
>6000 Polish zloty | 4 | 3.54 |
Employment | ||
working | 47 | 41.59 |
not working | 9 | 7.96 |
retired | 38 | 33.63 |
retired and working | 9 | 7.96 |
pension | 10 | 8.85 |
Currently smoking | ||
yes | 22 | 19.47 |
no | 91 | 80.53 |
Hormonal therapy use | ||
yes | 12 | 10.62 |
no | 101 | 89.38 |
Regular screen (breast ultrasound, cytology) | ||
yes | 83 | 73.45 |
no | 30 | 26.55 |
What would increase your self-esteem? | ||
—higher educational level | ||
yes | 8 | 7.08 |
no | 105 | 92.92 |
—better health | ||
yes | 64 | 56.64 |
no | 49 | 43.36 |
—higher income | ||
yes | 30 | 26.55 |
no | 83 | 73.45 |
—changed place of living | ||
yes | 11 | 9.73 |
no | 102 | 90.27 |
Variable | n | % |
---|---|---|
IPAQ inactive | 24 | 21,24 |
active | 89 | 78.76 |
BDI | ||
no | 89 | 78.76 |
mild | 24 | 2124 |
moderate | 0 | 0 |
severe | 0 | 0 |
RSES | ||
low | 13 | 11.51 |
average | 66 | 58.41 |
high | 34 | 30.08 |
Variable | M | SD | Min | Max |
---|---|---|---|---|
Time of PA (min) | ||||
high PA level | 14.60 | 23.07 | 0.00 | 90.00 |
moderate PA level | 24.34 | 30.50 | 0.00 | 120.00 |
walking | 55.00 | 25.72 | 30.00 | 120.00 |
Day of PA | ||||
high PA level | 0.85 | 1.38 | 0.00 | 6.00 |
moderate PA level | 1.39 | 1.76 | 0.00 | 7.00 |
walking | 5.40 | 1.40 | 1.00 | 7.00 |
MET-min/week high PA | 267.61 | 463.65 | 0.00 | 2160.00 |
MET-min/week moderate PA | 243.36 | 315.89 | 0.00 | 1440.00 |
MET-min/week walking | 1032.49 | 662.07 | 148.50 | 2772.00 |
MET-min/week total | 1543.46 | 1060.92 | 198.00 | 5319.00 |
Self-Esteem | Insufficient PA Level (n = 24) | Sufficient PA Level (n = 89) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | Min | Max | M | SD | Min | Max | p | |
RSES1 | 3.50 | 0.51 | 3 | 4 | 3.24 | 0.43 | 3 | 4 | 0.012 |
RSES2 | 3.50 | 0.51 | 3 | 4 | 3.06 | 0.23 | 3 | 4 | 0.000 |
RSES3 | 2.88 | 0.34 | 2 | 3 | 2.67 | 0.52 | 1 | 3 | 0.077 |
RSES4 | 3.04 | 0.20 | 3 | 4 | 2.92 | 0.66 | 1 | 4 | 0.552 |
RSES5 | 2.88 | 0.34 | 2 | 3 | 2.89 | 0.41 | 1 | 3 | 0.526 |
RSES6 | 3.50 | 0.51 | 3 | 4 | 3.16 | 0.56 | 2 | 4 | 0.009 |
RSES7 | 3.50 | 0.51 | 3 | 4 | 3.24 | 0.43 | 3 | 4 | 0.012 |
RSES8 | 2.58 | 0.58 | 2 | 4 | 2.46 | 0.54 | 2 | 4 | 0.349 |
RSES9 | 3.04 | 0.20 | 3 | 4 | 3.07 | 0.54 | 2 | 4 | 0.763 |
RSES10 | 3.38 | 049 | 3 | 4 | 304 | 0.66 | 2 | 4 | 0.028 |
RSES Total | 31.79 | 2.93 | 29 | 38 | 29.74 | 2.98 | 25 | 38 | 0.003 |
Self-Esteem | Insufficient PA Level | Sufficient PA Level | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | 0.201 | |
low | 0 | 0.00% | 13 | 14.61% | |
moderate | 16 | 66.67% | 51 | 57.30% | |
high | 4 | 33.33% | 25 | 28.09% |
Variable | Self-Esteem | |
---|---|---|
MET-min/week: | r | p |
walking | −0.074 | 0.439 |
moderate- intensity PA | −0.282 | 0.002 |
high-intensity PA | −0.256 | 0.006 |
total IPAQ score | −0.241 | 0.01 |
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Dąbrowska-Galas, M.; Drosdzol-Cop, A. The Relationship between Postmenopausal Women’s Self-Esteem and Physical Activity Level—A Survey Study from Poland. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 9558. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159558
Dąbrowska-Galas M, Drosdzol-Cop A. The Relationship between Postmenopausal Women’s Self-Esteem and Physical Activity Level—A Survey Study from Poland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(15):9558. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159558
Chicago/Turabian StyleDąbrowska-Galas, Magdalena, and Agnieszka Drosdzol-Cop. 2022. "The Relationship between Postmenopausal Women’s Self-Esteem and Physical Activity Level—A Survey Study from Poland" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15: 9558. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159558