Associations between Demographic Characteristics, Lifestyle Factors and School-Related Conditions and Symptoms of Mental Health Problems in Norwegian Upper Secondary School Students
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Recruitment of Participants
2.3. Survey Development and Validation
2.3.1. Symptoms of Mental Health Problems
2.3.2. Demographic Characteristics
2.3.3. Lifestyle Factors
2.3.4. Self-Perceived Body Image
2.3.5. School Satisfaction and Satisfaction with Physical Education (PE) Class Participation
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Characteristics
3.2. Associations between the Predictors and Symptoms of Mental Health Problems
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Boys (n = 154) | Girls (n = 256) | Total (n = 410) | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
Age (years) | 17.7 | 1.5 | 17.5 | 1.4 | 17.6 | 1.4 | 0.468 |
Height (cm) | 180.4 | 7.0 | 166.6 | 6.2 | 171.8 | 9.3 | <0.001 |
Weight (kg) | 73.7 | 13.9 | 63.0 | 10.5 | 67.1 | 13.0 | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.6 | 3.6 | 22.7 | 3.3 | 22.6 | 3.5 | 0.797 |
HSCL-25 (1–4) | 1.51 | 0.46 | 2.04 | 0.63 | 1.84 | 0.62 | <0.001 |
Body image (1–4) | 2.91 | 0.69 | 2.50 | 0.77 | 2.65 | 0.77 | <0.001 |
Sleep problems (1–5) | 2.26 | 0.81 | 2.54 | 0.86 | 2.43 | 0.85 | 0.002 |
Leisure PA level (1–3) | 2.08 | 0.77 | 2.01 | 0.67 | 2.04 | 0.71 | 0.360 |
Dietary habits (1–3) | 1.86 | 0.55 | 1.80 | 0.48 | 1.82 | 0.51 | 0.249 |
School satisfaction (1–3) | 2.30 | 0.57 | 2.16 | 0.64 | 2.21 | 0.62 | 0.033 |
Satisfaction PE (1–3) | 2.46 | 0.64 | 2.13 | 0.70 | 2.25 | 0.70 | <0.001 |
Social contacts/friends (1–4) | 3.03 | 0.91 | 2.85 | 0.81 | 2.92 | 0.85 | 0.045 |
Predictor Variables | 95% CI for Exp(B) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | S.E. | Wald | Df | Sig. | Exp(B) | Lower | Upper | |
Gender | 1.423 | 0.319 | 19.897 | 1 | <0.001 | 4.151 | 2.221 | 7.760 |
Study programme affiliation | −0.454 | 0.339 | 1.797 | 1 | 0.180 | 0.635 | 0.327 | 1.234 |
Body image (1–4) | −0.897 | 0.236 | 14.389 | 1 | <0.001 | 0.408 | 0.257 | 0.648 |
Sleep problems (1–5) | 1.072 | 0.218 | 24.242 | 1 | <0.001 | 2.921 | 1.907 | 4.477 |
Leisure PA level | 0.310 | 2 | 0.857 | |||||
Leisure PA level (1) | 0.174 | 0.428 | 0.166 | 1 | 0.683 | 1.191 | 0.515 | 2.753 |
Leisure PA level (2) | 0.003 | 0.490 | 0.000 | 1 | 0.995 | 1.003 | 0.384 | 2.623 |
Dietary habits | 4.652 | 2 | 0.098 | |||||
Dietary habits (1) | −0.871 | 0.408 | 4.566 | 1 | 0.033 | 0.418 | 0.188 | 0.930 |
Dietary habits (2) | −0.554 | 0.819 | 0.457 | 1 | 0.499 | 0.575 | 0.115 | 2.861 |
School satisfaction | 7.022 | 2 | 0.030 | |||||
School satisfaction (1) | −1.028 | 0.630 | 2.663 | 1 | 0.103 | 0.358 | 0.104 | 1.229 |
School satisfaction (2) | −1.692 | 0.682 | 6.153 | 1 | 0.013 | 0.184 | 0.048 | 0.701 |
Satisfaction with PE participation | 5.711 | 2 | 0.058 | |||||
Satisfaction PE (1) | −0.593 | 0.500 | 1.410 | 1 | 0.235 | 0.553 | 0.207 | 1.471 |
Satisfaction PE (2) | −1.145 | 0.512 | 5.009 | 1 | 0.025 | 0.318 | 0.117 | 0.867 |
Social contacts/friends | 2.501 | 3 | 0.321 | |||||
Social contacts/friends (1) | 0.317 | 0.746 | 0.181 | 1 | 0.670 | 1.374 | 0.318 | 5.925 |
Social contacts/friends (2) | −0.084 | 0.672 | 0.016 | 1 | 0.900 | 0.919 | 0.246 | 3.432 |
Social contacts/friends (3) | −0.584 | 0.714 | 0.669 | 1 | 0.414 | 0.558 | 0.138 | 2.262 |
Constant | 1.606 | 1.135 | 2.003 | 1 | 0.157 | 4.985 |
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Barene, S.; Ruud-Tronsmoen, A.; Johansen, P.F. Associations between Demographic Characteristics, Lifestyle Factors and School-Related Conditions and Symptoms of Mental Health Problems in Norwegian Upper Secondary School Students. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 9575. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159575
Barene S, Ruud-Tronsmoen A, Johansen PF. Associations between Demographic Characteristics, Lifestyle Factors and School-Related Conditions and Symptoms of Mental Health Problems in Norwegian Upper Secondary School Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(15):9575. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159575
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarene, Svein, Andreas Ruud-Tronsmoen, and Patrick Foss Johansen. 2022. "Associations between Demographic Characteristics, Lifestyle Factors and School-Related Conditions and Symptoms of Mental Health Problems in Norwegian Upper Secondary School Students" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15: 9575. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159575