Activated Porous Carbon Fiber: New Adsorbent for Sampling and Analysis by Thermal Desorption of Siloxanes in Biogas and Biomethane
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- C8Si3O2H24 + 16 O2 → 3 SiO2 + 8 CO2 + 12 H2O (linear VMS—L3)
- C10Si5O5H30 + 20 O2 → 5 SiO2 + 10 CO2 + 15 H2O (cyclic VMS—D5)
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Instrumental Apparatus
2.2. Sampling Tubes and Focusing Trap: Assembling and Test
2.2.1. Adsorption Phase
2.2.2. Desorption Phase
2.3. Biogas Sampling
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. APCF Efficiency in Thermal Desorption
3.2. Biogas Sampling
3.3. SEM Analysis
4. Conclusions
Specific and Practical Suggestions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Abbreviation | D4 | D5 | D6 |
---|---|---|---|
Name | Octamethylcyclo-Tetrasiloxan | Decamethylcyclo-Pentasiloxane | Dodecamethylcyclo-Hexasiloxane |
Structure | |||
Molecular Formula | C8H24O4Si4 | C10H30O5Si5 | C12H36O6Si6 |
Physical Properties | Liquid, colorless, oily, odorless | Liquid, oily | Liquid, colorless, faint odor |
Molecular weight (Da) | 296.61 | 370.80 | 444.93 |
Boiling point (°C) | 175.5 | 210 | 245 |
Melting point (°C) | 17.5 | 7.5 | −3 |
Water solubility (mg/Lw 23 °C) | 0.056 | 0.017 | 0.005 |
Molar Volume (g/cm3 at 20 °C) | 309.2 | 386.5 | 463.8 |
Density (g/cm3) at 20 °C | 0.953 | 0.955 | 0.959 |
Critical T (°C) | 313.35 | 346.05 | 382.25 |
Critical P (atm) | 13.2 | 11.5 | 12.9 |
Critical V (m3/kmol) | 979.0 | 1216.0 | 1493.1 |
Operative Parameters | ||
---|---|---|
TD | Desorption time | 10 min |
Desorption flow | 60 mL min–1 | |
Desorption temperature | 365 °C | |
Focusing trap temperature | −15 °C | |
Focusing trap desorption temperature | 370 °C | |
GC/MS | Carrier gas | He |
Column | DB 502.2 | |
Flow | 1.2 mL min–1 | |
GC mode | constant flow | |
Oven ramp | 35 °C (5 min) + 5 °C min–1 to 230 °C (5 min) | |
Ion source | EI | |
Inlet temperature | 200 °C | |
MS source temperature | 230 °C | |
Transfer line Temperature | 240 °C | |
MS mode | Full Scan 35–450 m/z |
Carbon Fiber Continent (%) | Fiber Diameter (μm) | Specific Surface Area (m2 g–1) | Density (g cm–3) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
ACPF 1 | 100 | 10 | ≈2000 | 0.095 |
I Desorption Test | II Desorption Test | Residue % | Backup Tube | |
---|---|---|---|---|
D4 | 3,682,753 | 110,353 | 3.0 | <LOD |
D5 | 2,351,312 | 101,303 | 4.3 | <LOD |
D6 | 988,541 | 82,925 | 8.4 | <LOD |
APCF | D4 | D5 | D6 |
---|---|---|---|
Average | 0.182 | 0.488 | 0.101 |
Standard Deviation | 0.030 | 0.083 | 0.009 |
Multilayers Tube | D4 | D5 | D6 |
Average | 0.076 | 0.035 | 0.120 |
Standard Deviation | 0.010 | 0.034 | 0.112 |
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Paris, E.; Avino, P.; Guerriero, E.; Vincenti, B.; Palma, A.; Carnevale, M.; Benedetti, P.; Torre, M.; Gallucci, F. Activated Porous Carbon Fiber: New Adsorbent for Sampling and Analysis by Thermal Desorption of Siloxanes in Biogas and Biomethane. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 10890. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710890
Paris E, Avino P, Guerriero E, Vincenti B, Palma A, Carnevale M, Benedetti P, Torre M, Gallucci F. Activated Porous Carbon Fiber: New Adsorbent for Sampling and Analysis by Thermal Desorption of Siloxanes in Biogas and Biomethane. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(17):10890. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710890
Chicago/Turabian StyleParis, Enrico, Pasquale Avino, Ettore Guerriero, Beatrice Vincenti, Adriano Palma, Monica Carnevale, Paolo Benedetti, Marco Torre, and Francesco Gallucci. 2022. "Activated Porous Carbon Fiber: New Adsorbent for Sampling and Analysis by Thermal Desorption of Siloxanes in Biogas and Biomethane" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17: 10890. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710890