Nurses’ Involvement in the Development and Usability Assessment of an Innovative Peripheral Intravenous Catheterisation Pack: A Mix-Method Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design and Procedures
2.2. Setting and Participants
2.3. Materials
2.4. Outcomes and Measurements
2.5. Data Analysis
2.6. Ethical Consideration
3. Results
3.1. Phase 1
3.2. Phase 2
3.2.1. Laboratory Testing
3.2.2. Interviews
“Having a pack is extremely functional, especially given the time you save when preparing the material needed for catheterisation […] there is always an item that you forget, and the procedure is not as uniform between professionals as it should be.”[Specialist nurse, female, 13 years of professional experience];
“I really enjoyed the pack. It is practical to have all the material in a single package. It gives us time to concentrate on what really matters to us, which is the person in need of the catheter, not the procedure itself.”[Specialist nurse, female, 15 years of professional experience];
“It is faster! […] Everything in the PIVC-P…we do not have to waste time preparing the flush since the syringe is pre-filled.”[Registered nurse, female, 14 years of professional experience];
“You just need to grab the pack! It saves us time in the selection of the required material […] it also saves us time in something that we often do not do, which is checking the material’s integrity.”[Specialist nurse, male, 16 years of professional experience];
“I do not waste time grabbing material from different cabinets of the treatment room…sometimes from different rooms.”[Specialist nurse, female, 16 years of professional experience].
“It allows for the standardisation of the procedure between colleagues (…) we will all start doing the same from now on.”[Specialist nurse, female, 13 years of professional experience];
“It avoids errors and omissions, which often leads to increased procedural times”[Specialist nurse, female, 11 years of professional experience];
“Having a pre-filled syringe (…) people will use it because it is in the pack (…) it reiterates the importance of performing PIVC flush.”[Specialist nurse, male, 16 years of professional experience];
“Most of the required material is collected in a single pack, so I will not be forgetting so many devices.”[Specialist nurse, female, 15 years of professional experience];
“I do not have to constantly worry and think about what I am missing, what is required for catheter insertion.”[Specialist nurse, female, 16 years of professional experience];
“It contains the material that is essential for catheter insertion.”[Registered nurse, female, 34 years of professional experience].
“I can only see advantages in its use, especially concerning the antiseptic solution bottle that we use is contaminated or not. With the PIVC-P there is an impregnated swab for each person, and we do not have to manipulate different materials between patients (…) the material would not be circulating between patients.”[Specialist nurse, female, 13 years of professional experience];
“Inside the PIVC-P everything will be sterile and ready to be used (…) it is a way to avoid likely cross-infection that unfortunately happen (…) our tourniquets, as you know, are stored in certain locations that enhance cross-contamination.”[Registered nurse, female, 34 years of professional experience];
“Everything inside the PIVC-P is packaged and sterile, allowing for a great control of potential infection risks.”[Specialist nurse, male, 11 years of professional experience];
“It is safer!”[Specialist nurse, female, 11 years of professional experience];
“More hygienic (…) We do not have to select material from different locations, which often translates into more people manipulating the same materials. Since everything is included in the PIVC-P, we know that it should be disposed of after using.”[Registered nurse, female, 14 years of professional experience].
“Another advantage is the volume of materials that exist in a ward (…) the PIVC-P can facilitate stock management and space consumption.”[Specialist nurse, female, 13 years of professional experience];
“The material inside the PIVC-P (…) everything required is there. We do not have to select materials that, although not used, were opened inside the patient unit, and have to be disposed of.”[Registered nurse, female, 34 years of professional experience];
“The pack was sterile sealed, and all included material has individual packaging (…) I can use everything later.”[Specialist nurse, female, 11 years of professional experience];
“I do not believe that the PIVC-P will make stock management more difficult… everything within the pack can be used later if not open.”[Registered nurse, female, 15 years of professional experience];
“There is no waste! If I open the PIVC-P and do not use a certain material, I can always reuse it later due to the individual packaging.”[Specialist nurse, female, 11 years of professional experience];
“There is less waste.”[Specialist nurse, female, 16 years of professional experience].
“It makes sense because, even if we sanitise current tourniquets, the process is not truly effective.”[Specialist nurse, female, 13 years of professional experience];
“I am unsure in terms of cost but, if possible, the tourniquet should be included within the PIVC-P (…) we just need to grab a pack and it is one less thing to search for.”[Specialist nurse, female, 15 years of professional experience];
“If [single-use disposable tourniquets] are effective, yes, I would include it inside the PIVC-P.”[Registered nurse, female, 34 years of professional experience];
“I believe these tourniquets can avoid contaminations and healthcare-associated infections associated with tourniquet use.”[Specialist nurse, male, 11 years of professional experience];
“If the PIVC-P could include [single-use disposable tourniquets] that would be a great thing”[Specialist nurse, female, 11 years of professional experience];
“At the moment, a disposable tourniquet would add value (…) yes, one inside the PIVC-P.”[Registered nurse, female, 14 years of professional experience].
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group A (Traditional Material) | Group B (PIVC-P) |
---|---|
|
|
Round 1 | Round 2 | Reasoning for Change |
---|---|---|
2 peripheral intravenous catheter sizes 18G, 20G, or 22G | 1 peripheral intravenous catheter sizes 18G, 20G, or 22G | First-attempt success rate is high. If difficult catheter insertion is expected, nurses should prepare a second catheter separately. |
1 band-aid | 1 band-aid | Not applicable. |
1 pre-filled syringe with 0.9% isotonic sodium chloride | 1 pre-filled syringe with 0.9% isotonic sodium chloride (10 mL) | After discussing current practices and flushing recommendations, nurses believed a 10 mL syringe will not only allow for a post-catheter insertion flush, but also for a PIVC flush if an immediate drug administration occurs. |
2 sterile gauzes of non-woven fabric | 2 sterile gauzes of non-woven fabric | Not applicable. |
1 sterile gauze impregnated with antiseptic solution | 1 sterile gauze impregnated with antiseptic solution | Not applicable. |
1 pair of clean gloves | Not applicable. | Glove size depends on user, creating the need for a larger number of PIVC-P (per catheter and glove size). Gloves should be prepared separately. |
1 needless connector | 1 needless connector with Luer-lock technology | Safer connection with syringes, less risk of catheter accidental removal or dislodgement. |
1 transparent dressing | 1 transparent polyurethane dressing with reinforced borders | Better fixation, allowing for patients to carry their basic activities of daily living (e.g., showering) without risking accidental PIVC removal. |
1 protective field | Not applicable. | Not commonly used, generates clinical waste. Blood spillage is reduced given the technology of the selected PIVC. |
Dimensions | Semi-Functional Prototype Assessment (SD; min. − max.) | Functional Prototype Assessment (SD; min. − max.) | Differences |
---|---|---|---|
Usefulness | M = 6.25 (±0.67; 5–7) | M = 6.75 (±0.38; 5.67–7) | Z = −2.492 (p = 0.013) |
Ease of use | M = 6.13 (±0.59; 5–7) | M = 6.81 (±0.32; 5.9–7) | Z = −2.805 (p = 0.005) |
Ease of learning | M = 5.87 (±0.97; 4–7) | M = 6.74 (±0.39; 5.67–7) | Z = −2.527 (p = 0.012) |
Satisfaction/intention to use | M = 6.32 (±0.57; 5–7) | M = 6.87 (±0.17; 6.57–7) | Z = −2.937 (p = 0.003) |
Total score | M = 6.19 (±0.59; 5–6.9) | M = 6.80 (±0.22; 6.36–7) | Z = −3.041 (p = 0.002) |
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Santos-Costa, P.; Alves, M.; Sousa, C.; Sousa, L.B.; Paiva-Santos, F.; Bernardes, R.A.; Ventura, F.; Salgueiro-Oliveira, A.; Parreira, P.; Vieira, M.; et al. Nurses’ Involvement in the Development and Usability Assessment of an Innovative Peripheral Intravenous Catheterisation Pack: A Mix-Method Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 11130. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191711130
Santos-Costa P, Alves M, Sousa C, Sousa LB, Paiva-Santos F, Bernardes RA, Ventura F, Salgueiro-Oliveira A, Parreira P, Vieira M, et al. Nurses’ Involvement in the Development and Usability Assessment of an Innovative Peripheral Intravenous Catheterisation Pack: A Mix-Method Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(17):11130. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191711130
Chicago/Turabian StyleSantos-Costa, Paulo, Mariana Alves, Carolina Sousa, Liliana B. Sousa, Filipe Paiva-Santos, Rafael A. Bernardes, Filipa Ventura, Anabela Salgueiro-Oliveira, Pedro Parreira, Margarida Vieira, and et al. 2022. "Nurses’ Involvement in the Development and Usability Assessment of an Innovative Peripheral Intravenous Catheterisation Pack: A Mix-Method Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17: 11130. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191711130