Comparative Analysis of Emergency Planning Zone and Control Room Habitability for Potential Nuclear Reactor Deployment in Ghana
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. SNAP/RADTRAD Model
- (X/Q)LPZ: ADF at LPZ, s/m3;
- wb: whole body;
- X/Q: atmospheric dispersion;
- (X/Q)EAB: Atmospheric Dispersion Factor (ADF) at EAB, s/m3;
- BR: Breathing rate, m3/s;
- Q: release activity, Ci;
- DCF: Decontamination Factor (rem/Ci);
- i: isotope;
- thy: thyroid;
- D: Dose;
- BR = (3.47 × 10 m3/s)
- () = control room atmospheric diffusion factor;
- Ri = release rate of radionuclide i from the pool;
- GF = 1173/V0.338;
- Occ = Control Room Occupancy;
- VCR = Volume of Control Room;
- ACR = Average Activity in Control Room;
2.1.1. Rod Ejection Accident Model
2.1.2. Fuel Handling Accident Model
2.2. RASCAL Model on Long-Term Station Blackout
The Long-Term Station Blackout Accident
3. Results
3.1. The RADTRAD Analysis Results
3.1.1. The Analysis of Rod Ejection Accident
3.1.2. Analysis of Fuel Handling Accident
3.2. The RASCAL Results
4. Discussion
4.1. The Analysis of Rod Ejection and Fuel Handling Using the SNAP/RADTRAD Code
4.2. The Analysis of Long-Term Station Blackout Using the RASCAL Code
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | HPR 1000 | VVER 1200 | APR 1400 | NUSCALE |
---|---|---|---|---|
Containment volume | ~73,500 m3/2,595,628 ft3 | 2917.82 m3/10,3041.8409 ft3 | 9000 m3/3,178,320 ft3 | 1791.428571 ft3 |
Control room volume | Assumed 5663 m3 (200,000 ft3) | Assumed 5663 m3 (200,000 ft3) | 5663 m3 (200,000 ft3) | Assumed 5663 m3 (200,000 ft3) |
Core Thermal Power | 3050 MWth | 3200–3300 MWth | 3983 MWth | 1920 MWth |
Fuel Assemblies | 117 (264 fuels in each assembly) | 163 assemblies (317 fuels in each) | 241 assemblies (236 rods in each assembly) | 17 × 17 (264) |
Fraction of Damage for FHA | 4.0 × 10−3 | 4.0 × 10−3 | 4.0 × 10−3 | 4.0 × 10−3 |
Fraction of clad breach for REA | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Fraction of breach > melt for REA | 2.5 × 10−3 | 2.5 × 10−3 | 2.5 × 10−3 | 2.5 × 10−3 |
Radial Peaking factor | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 |
Type of Reactor | PWR | PWR | PWR | PWR |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Fraction of clad breached | Calculated from the fraction of breach and number of fuel assemblies |
Fraction of breach > melt | 2.5 × 10−3 |
Noble Gas | Gap 0.1; melt 1.0 |
Iodine | Gap 0.1; melt 0.5 |
Alkali metals | Gap 0.12; melt 0.5 |
Gap release duration | 1 × 10−4 h. |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Number of Assemblies damaged | Calculated from the fraction of breach and number of fuel assemblies |
Fraction of fuel damaged | 4.0 × 10−3 |
I-131 | 0.08 |
Kr-85 | 0.1 |
Other NG | 0.05 |
Other Iodine | 0.05 |
Alkali metals | 0.12 |
Gap release duration | 2 h |
Containment Leak Rate to Environment | 1.0 × 1012%/day for the duration of the accident |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Event type | Nuclear Power Plant |
City, Country | Ghana, Tema |
Time zone | Greenwich Meridian Time (GMT) |
Lat/Long/Elevation | 5.0000° N, 0.0000° E, 14 m |
Containment type | PWR Dry Ambient |
Leak rate | 2%/d |
Spray | off |
TEDE | EAB | LPZ | CR DOSE |
---|---|---|---|
APR1400 | 4.66 × 100 | 6.17 × 100 | 2.50 × 101 |
VVER1200 | 3.72 × 100 | 4.93 × 100 | 2.00 × 101 |
HPR1000 | 3.44 × 100 | 4.55 × 100 | 1.85 × 101 |
NuScale | 2.15 × 100 | 2.84 × 100 | 1.16 × 101 |
DCD for APR1400 | 6.30 × 101 | 6.30 × 101 | 6.25 × 100 |
Allowable TEDE limit | 5.00 × 101 | 6.30 × 101 | 6.30 × 101 |
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Christina, P.; Kim, J. Comparative Analysis of Emergency Planning Zone and Control Room Habitability for Potential Nuclear Reactor Deployment in Ghana. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 11184. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811184
Christina P, Kim J. Comparative Analysis of Emergency Planning Zone and Control Room Habitability for Potential Nuclear Reactor Deployment in Ghana. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(18):11184. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811184
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristina, Prah, and Juyoul Kim. 2022. "Comparative Analysis of Emergency Planning Zone and Control Room Habitability for Potential Nuclear Reactor Deployment in Ghana" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18: 11184. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811184