Psychometric Properties of the Functional Impairment Checklist (FIC) as a Disease-Specific Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) in Previously Hospitalized COVID-19 Survivors with Long-COVID
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. COVID-19 and Post-COVID Data Collection
2.3. Functional Impairment Checklist (FIC)
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants
3.2. General Data
3.3. Reliability and Internal Consistency
3.4. Construct Validity
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Data |
---|---|
Age, mean (SD), years | 61 (16) |
Gender, male/female (%) | 1054 (53.5%)/915 (46.5%) |
Weight, mean (SD), kg | 75 (15) |
Height, mean (SD), cm | 165 (16.5) |
Medical co-morbidities | |
Hypertension | 514 (26.1%) |
Diabetes | 236 (12.0%) |
Cardiovascular Disease | 234 (11.9%) |
Asthma | 126 (6.4%) |
Obesity | 88 (4.5%) |
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 77 (3.9%) |
Stroke | 38 (2.0%) |
Rheumatological Disease | 31 (1.6%) |
Other (Cancer, Kidney Disease) | 332 (16.9%) |
Symptoms at hospital admission | n (%) |
Fever | 1469 (74.6%) |
Dyspnoea | 620 (31.5%) |
Myalgia | 604 (30.7%) |
Cough | 549 (27.9%) |
Headache | 332 (16.9%) |
Diarrhoea | 210 (10.7%) |
Anosmia | 167 (8.5%) |
Ageusia | 145 (7.35%) |
Throat Pain | 102 (5.2%) |
Vomiting | 55 (2.8%) |
Stay at the hospital, mean (SD), days | 11.3 (11.4) |
Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission | |
Yes/No, n (%) | 130 (6.6%)/1839 (93.4%) |
Persistent post-COVID symptoms, n (%) | |
Fatigue | 1206 (61.3%) |
Dyspnoea at Exertion | 1054 (53.5%) |
Pain Symptoms | 887 (45.1%) |
Loss of Hair | 470 (23.9%) |
Dyspnoea at Rest | 459 (23.3%) |
Memory Loss | 341 (17.3%) |
Skin Rashes | 236 (12.0%) |
Brain Fog | 189 (9.6%) |
Concentration Loss | 140 (7.1%) |
Tachycardia-Palpitations | 140 (7.1%) |
Gastrointestinal Disorders | 133 (6.75%) |
Ocular/Vision Disorders | 116 (5.9%) |
Anosmia | 80 (4.05%) |
Ageusia | 53 (2.7%) |
Throat Pain | 50 (2.5%) |
Diarrhoea | 49 (2.5%) |
Voice problems | 35 (1.8%) |
Item-Internal Consistency | Item-Discriminant Validity | Cronbach α Value | Floor Effect | Ceiling Effect | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breathlessness at rest | 0.766 *** | 0.645 *** | 0.864 (FIC symptoms) | 76.61% | 2.29% |
Breathlessness on exertion | 0.877 *** | 0.764 *** | 46.33% | 6.16% | |
Fatigue (generalized weakness) | 0.893 *** | 0.781 *** | 38.56% | 9.02% | |
Muscle weakness | 0.843 *** | 0.703 *** | 51.78% | 6.82% | |
Limitations with previous occupational activities | 0.695 *** | 0.476 *** | 0.845 (FIC disability) | 78.68% | 4.54% |
Limitation with social and leisure activities | 0.871 *** | 0.747 *** | 69.25% | 3.97% | |
Limitation with basic activities of daily living | 0.854 *** | 0.746 *** | 80.19% | 2.95% | |
Limitation with instrumental activities of daily living | 0.891 *** | 0.789 *** | 72.33% | 3.73% |
Factor Loading | ||
---|---|---|
Factor 1 | Factor 2 | |
Breathlessness at rest | 0.441 | 0.647 |
Breathlessness on exertion | 0.192 | 0.832 |
Fatigue (generalized weakness) | 0.373 | 0.708 |
Muscle weakness | 0.336 | 0.603 |
Limitations with previous occupational activities | 0.514 | 0.356 |
Limitation with social and leisure activities | 0.712 | 0.235 |
Limitation with basic activities of daily living | 0.882 | 0.120 |
Limitation with instrumental activities of daily living | 0.866 | 0.145 |
Eigenvalue | 3.87 | 1.05 |
Cumulative proportion of total sample variance explained | 48.3% | 13.1% |
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Fernández-de-las-Peñas, C.; Palacios-Ceña, M.; Rodríguez-Jiménez, J.; de-la-Llave-Rincón, A.I.; Fuensalida-Novo, S.; Cigarán-Méndez, M.; Florencio, L.L.; Ambite-Quesada, S.; Ortega-Santiago, R.; Pardo-Hernández, A.; et al. Psychometric Properties of the Functional Impairment Checklist (FIC) as a Disease-Specific Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) in Previously Hospitalized COVID-19 Survivors with Long-COVID. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 11460. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811460
Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Palacios-Ceña M, Rodríguez-Jiménez J, de-la-Llave-Rincón AI, Fuensalida-Novo S, Cigarán-Méndez M, Florencio LL, Ambite-Quesada S, Ortega-Santiago R, Pardo-Hernández A, et al. Psychometric Properties of the Functional Impairment Checklist (FIC) as a Disease-Specific Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) in Previously Hospitalized COVID-19 Survivors with Long-COVID. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(18):11460. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811460
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernández-de-las-Peñas, César, Maria Palacios-Ceña, Jorge Rodríguez-Jiménez, Ana I. de-la-Llave-Rincón, Stella Fuensalida-Novo, Margarita Cigarán-Méndez, Lidiane L. Florencio, Silvia Ambite-Quesada, Ricardo Ortega-Santiago, Alberto Pardo-Hernández, and et al. 2022. "Psychometric Properties of the Functional Impairment Checklist (FIC) as a Disease-Specific Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) in Previously Hospitalized COVID-19 Survivors with Long-COVID" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18: 11460. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811460