Factors Influencing Visual Improvement after Phacoemulsification Surgery among Malaysian Cataract Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistics
3.1.1. Proportion of Improvement in Visual Acuity (VA) among Cataract Patients
3.1.2. Socio-Demographic Factors
3.1.3. Comorbidities and Complication Factors
3.1.4. Surgical Factors
3.2. Multivariable Analysis
3.2.1. Detailed Analysis Comparing No Changes in VA and Improved VA
3.2.2. Detail Analysis Comparing Worsening VA and Improved VA
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Visual Acuity | n | % | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|
Improve | 174,256 | 96.4 | (96.3, 96.5) |
No change | 4223 | 2.3 | (1.8, 2.8) |
Worsening | 2297 | 1.3 | (0.8, 1.8) |
Variables | Visual Improvement | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Worse | No Change | Improve | p-Value a | |
180,776 | (n = 2297) | (n = 4223) | (n = 174,256) | ||
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
Age (Years) | |||||
≤40 | 1257 (0.7) | 29 (2.3) | 56 (4.5) | 1172 (93.2) | <0.001 |
41–60 | 39,023 (21.6) | 513 (1.3) | 801 (2.1) | 37,709 (96.6) | |
61–80 | 132,196 (73.1) | 1575 (1.2) | 3090 (2.3) | 127,531 (96.5) | |
>80 | 8300 (4.6) | 180 (2.2) | 276 (3.3) | 7844 (94.5) | |
Gender | |||||
Female | 96,647 (53.5) | 1167 (1.2) | 2180 (2.3) | 93,300 (96.5) | 0.002 |
Male | 84,129 (46.5) | 1130 (1.3) | 2043 (2.4) | 80,956 (96.2) | |
Races | |||||
Malay | 75,045 (41.5) | 821 (1.1) | 1411 (1.9) | 72,813 (97.0) | <0.001 |
Chinese | 57,621 (31.9) | 906 (1.6) | 1741 (3.0) | 54,974 (95.4) | |
Indian | 22,324 (12.4) | 307 (1.4) | 513 (2.3) | 21,504 (96.3) | |
Others | 12,292 (6.8) | 98 (0.8) | 241 (2.0) | 11,953 (97.2) | |
Missing | 13,494 (7.5) | 165 (1.2) | 317 (2.3) | 13,012 (96.4) | |
Cause of Cataract | |||||
Senile/Age-Related | 172,736 (95.6) | 2217 (1.3) | 4055 (2.3) | 166,464 (96.4) | 0.132 b |
Development | 384 (0.2) | 5 (1.3) | 8 (2.1) | 371 (96.6) | |
Others | 94 (0.1) | 3 (3.2) | 5 (5.3) | 86 (91.5) | |
Missing | 7562 (4.2) | 72 (1.0) | 155 (2.0) | 7335 (97.0) |
Variables | Visual Improvement | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Worsening | No Change | Improve | p-Value a | |
180,776 | (n = 2297) | (n = 4223) | (n = 174,256) | ||
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
Ocular Comorbidities | |||||
No | 120,045 (66.4) | 732 (0.6) | 1793 (1.5) | 117,520 (97.9) | <0.001 |
Yes | 60,731 (33.6) | 1565 (2.6) | 2430 (4.0) | 56,736 (93.4) | |
Systemic Comorbidities | |||||
No | 36,189 (20.0) | 416 (1.1) | 808 (2.2) | 34,965 (96.6) | 0.023 |
Yes | 144,587 (80.0) | 1881 (1.3) | 3415 (2.4) | 139,291 (96.3) | |
Intraoperative Complication | |||||
No | 175,605 (97.1) | 2118 (1.2) | 4020 (2.3) | 169,467 (96.5) | <0.001 |
Yes | 5171 (2.9) | 179 (3.5) | 203 (3.9) | 4789 (92.6) | |
Postoperative Complication | |||||
No | 166,866 (92.3) | 787 (0.5) | 2464 (1.5) | 163,615 (98.1) | <0.001 |
Yes | 13,910 (7.7) | 1510 (10.9) | 1759 (12.6) | 10,641 (76.5) |
Variables | Visual Improvement | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Worsening | No Change | Improve | p-Value a | |
180,776 | (n = 2297) | (n = 4223) | (n = 174,256) | ||
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
Surgeon Status | |||||
Specialist | 163,525 (90.5) | 2117 (1.3) | 3896 (2.4) | 157,512 (96.3) | <0.001 |
Gazetting Specialist | 9292 (5.1) | 93 (1.0) | 194 (2.1) | 9005 (96.9) | |
Medical Officer | 7437 (4.1) | 85 (1.1) | 129 (1.7) | 7223 (97.1) | |
Missing | 522 (0.3) | 2 (0.4) | 4 (0.8) | 516 (98.9) | |
Duration of surgery (minutes) | |||||
≤30 | 139,263 (77.0) | 1491 (1.1) | 3052 (2.2) | 134,720 (96.7) | <0.001 |
31–60 | 29,854 (16.5) | 541 (1.8) | 785 (2.6) | 28,528 (95.6) | |
>60 | 3250 (1.8) | 142 (4.4) | 156 (4.8) | 2952 (90.8) | |
Missing | 8409 (4.7) | 123 (1.5) | 230 (2.7) | 8056 (95.8) | |
Intraocular Lens (IOL) | |||||
Yes | 180,019 (99.6) | 2234 (1.2) | 4165 (2.3) | 173,620 (96.4) | <0.001 |
No | 737 (0.4) | 63 (8.5) | 57 (7.7) | 617 (83.7) | |
Missing | 20 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.0) | 19 (95.0) | |
Anaesthesia in Cataract Surgery | |||||
Local | 171,662 (95.0) | 2119 (1.2) | 3984 (2.3) | 165,559 (96.4) | <0.001 |
General | 6760 (3.7) | 147 (2.2) | 184 (2.7) | 6429 (95.1) | |
Missing | 2354 (1.3) | 31 (1.3) | 55 (2.3) | 2268 (96.3) |
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Sa’at, N.; Ghazali, A.K.; Yaacob, N.M.; Salowi, M.A. Factors Influencing Visual Improvement after Phacoemulsification Surgery among Malaysian Cataract Patients. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 11485. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811485
Sa’at N, Ghazali AK, Yaacob NM, Salowi MA. Factors Influencing Visual Improvement after Phacoemulsification Surgery among Malaysian Cataract Patients. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(18):11485. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811485
Chicago/Turabian StyleSa’at, Nadiah, Anis Kausar Ghazali, Najib Majdi Yaacob, and Mohamad Aziz Salowi. 2022. "Factors Influencing Visual Improvement after Phacoemulsification Surgery among Malaysian Cataract Patients" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18: 11485. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811485