Duration of Keeping an Exercise Habit and Mental Illness and Life Attitude among University Students
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Assessment of Duration of Keeping an Exercise Habit
2.3. Assessment of Mental Illness
2.3.1. Depressive Symptoms
2.3.2. Anxiety Symptoms
2.4. Assessment of Life Attitude
2.5. Confounding Factors
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Duration of Keeping an Exercise Habit | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
None | 1–4 Months | >4 Months | p for Trend a | |
n | 8482 | 1465 | 1445 | |
Sex (man; %) | 57.0 | 60.8 | 78.9 | <0.001 |
BMI b (kg/m2) | 21.3 (21.2, 21.4) c | 21.8 (21.7, 22.0) | 21.5 (21.4, 21.7) | 0.009 |
Grade (%) | ||||
First-year students | 31.2 | 27.0 | 26.0 | <0.001 |
Sophomore | 29.7 | 33.3 | 28.1 | 0.890 |
Junior | 27.1 | 27.4 | 27.0 | 0.955 |
Senior | 12.0 | 12.2 | 18.9 | <0.001 |
Living expenses (%) | ||||
Low | 37.8 | 38.4 | 36.7 | 0.581 |
Medium | 52.5 | 51.0 | 51.4 | 0.311 |
High | 9.7 | 10.6 | 11.8 | 0.010 |
Minority race (%) | 4.4 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 0.050 |
Living status (Dormitory; %) | 99.1 | 99.2 | 99.0 | 0.873 |
Nonsmoker (%) | 95.5 | 93.0 | 91.2 | <0.001 |
Nondrinker | 81.3 | 77.1 | 68.4 | <0.001 |
PA (METs hour/week) | 1.53 (1.53, 1.54) d | 1.68 (1.66, 1.70) | 1.78 (1.76, 1.80) | <0.001 |
SDS score | 35.9 (35.7, 36.1) | 35.0 (34.6, 35.4) | 34.2 (33.8, 34.5) | <0.001 |
GAD-7 score | 3.94 (3.87, 4.02) | 3.88 (3.70, 4.06) | 3.29 (3.10, 3.47) | <0.001 |
Duration of Keeping an Exercise Habit | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
None | 1–4 Months | >4 Months | p for Trend a | |
All subjects (n) | 8482 | 1465 | 1445 | |
Depressive symptoms (SDS ≥ 40; n) | 2456 | 362 | 323 | |
Crude | 1.00 | 0.81 (0.71, 0.92) b | 0.71 (0.62, 0.81) | <0.001 |
Model 1 c | 1.00 | 0.80 (0.70, 0.91) | 0.72 (0.63, 0.83) | <0.001 |
Model 2 d | 1.00 | 0.81 (0.71, 0.92) | 0.74 (0.64, 0.85) | <0.001 |
Depressive symptoms (SDS ≥ 45; n) | 1065 | 143 | 151 | |
Crude | 1.00 | 0.75 (0.63, 0.91) | 0.81 (0.68, 0.97) | 0.002 |
Model 1 c | 1.00 | 0.75 (0.62, 0.90) | 0.80 (0.67, 0.96) | 0.001 |
Model 2 d | 1.00 | 0.75 (0.62, 0.90) | 0.80 (0.66, 0.96) | 0.002 |
Duration of Keeping an Exercise Habit | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
None | 1–4 Months | >4 Months | p for Trend a | |
All subjects (n) | 8482 | 1465 | 1445 | |
Anxiety symptoms (GAD7 ≥ 5; n) | 3713 | 632 | 526 | |
Crude | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.87, 0.09) b | 0.74 (0.66, 0.83) | <0.001 |
Model 1 c | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.90, 1.13) | 0.78 (0.69, 0.88) | <0.001 |
Model 2 d | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.90, 1.14) | 0.78 (0.69, 0.88) | 0.001 |
Anxiety symptoms (GAD7 ≥ 8; n) | 1078 | 173 | 137 | |
Crude | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.78, 1.09) | 0.72 (0.60, 0.87) | 0.001 |
Model 1 c | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.79, 1.11) | 0.78 (0.64, 0.94) | 0.010 |
Model 2 d | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.79, 1.11) | 0.78 (0.64, 0.94) | 0.012 |
Duration of Keeping an Exercise Habit | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
None | 1–4 Month | >4 Months | p for Trend a | |
All subjects (n) | 8482 | 1465 | 1445 | |
Life is meaningless | 1243 | 151 | 120 | |
Crude | 1.00 | 0.67 (0.56, 0.80) b | 0.53 (0.43, 0.64) | <0.001 |
Model 1 c | 1.00 | 0.65 (0.54, 0.78) | 0.54 (0.44, 0.66) | <0.001 |
Model 2 d | 1.00 | 0.70 (0.59, 0.84) | 0.62 (0.51, 0.76) | <0.001 |
No purpose in life | 1409 | 172 | 115 | |
Crude | 1.00 | 0.67 (0.56, 0.79) | 0.43 (0.36, 0.53) | <0.001 |
Model 1 c | 1.00 | 0.65 (0.55, 0.77) | 0.43 (0.35, 0.52) | <0.001 |
Model 2 d | 1.00 | 0.69 (0.58, 0.82) | 0.48 (0.39, 0.59) | <0.001 |
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Kong, L.; Cui, Y.; Gong, Q. Duration of Keeping an Exercise Habit and Mental Illness and Life Attitude among University Students. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 11669. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811669
Kong L, Cui Y, Gong Q. Duration of Keeping an Exercise Habit and Mental Illness and Life Attitude among University Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(18):11669. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811669
Chicago/Turabian StyleKong, Lingfeng, Yufei Cui, and Qiang Gong. 2022. "Duration of Keeping an Exercise Habit and Mental Illness and Life Attitude among University Students" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18: 11669. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811669