Source, Distribution and Potential Risk of Antimony in Water and Sediments of Danjiangkou Reservoir: Impact from Dam
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions and Recommendations
- (1)
- The concentration of antimony in the water of the Han sub-reservoir and in front of the dam in Danjiangkou Reservoir was relatively low, fluctuating around 0.9 mg·kg−1. The concentration of antimony in the water of the Dan sub-reservoir was relatively high, and its concentration generally increased with the distance from Danjiangkou dam. In recent years, the reservoir’s antimony concentration has declined significantly, and the gap between the concentrations in the Dan and Han sub-reservoirs has remarkably narrowed. The content of antimony in Danjiangkou Reservoir sediments mainly originated from some of the confluent rivers. The distribution of antimony in water bodies was similar, with sediments in the Dan sub-reservoir containing a greater antimony content than those in the Han sub-reservoir.
- (2)
- The overall antimony element concentration in Danjiangkou Reservoir water was significantly higher than the background values in the Yangtze River system and Han River system, which indicated the existence of exogenous input. Nonetheless, the intensity of input has decreased in recent years. The contents of antimony in the sediments of Danjiangkou Reservoir and the rivers that feed it, including the Han River and the Laoguan River, were significantly higher than background levels found in sediments from the national and Yangtze River systems, implying some degree of enrichment.
- (3)
- Numerous inferences in this study must be further confirmed in the absence of auxiliary survey data, and we draw attention to antimony contamination. Given that antimony is toxic and carcinogenic, this study served as the foundation for appraising the risk of the antimony mining industry of a certain scale existing in some areas of the Danjiangkou water source area, and it showed that antimony mining and tailing ponds posed certain risks to the water safety of the Danjiangkou Reservoir.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Projects | Han Sub-Reservoir | BQ | Dan Sub-Reservoir | Mean of Dan Sub-Reservoir | Mean of All Reservoirs | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
YXB | MJH | TZS | TC | TPY | BDT | ||||
2012 | - | - | - | 1.90 | 2.14 | - | 5.40 | 3.15 | 3.15 |
2013 | - | - | - | 2.70 | 0.40 | 2.90 | 3.00 | 2.25 | 2.25 |
2014 | - | 1.19 | 1.52 | 1.58 | 2.32 | 2.26 | 5.76 | 2.44 | 2.44 |
2015 | - | 0.88 | 0.64 | 0.82 | 1.52 | 2.00 | 4.79 | 2.28 | 1.78 |
2016 | - | 0.45 | 0.57 | 0.71 | 1.38 | 1.46 | 2.50 | 1.51 | 1.18 |
2017 | - | 0.90 | 0.95 | 1.09 | 1.21 | 1.31 | 1.99 | 1.40 | 1.24 |
2018 | 1.50 | - | - | 1.22 | 1.44 | 1.02 | - | 1.23 | 1.30 |
2019 | 0.75 | - | - | - | 0.70 | 1.09 | - | 0.90 | 0.85 |
2020 | 0.70 | - | - | - | 0.90 | 0.90 | - | 0.90 | 0.83 |
2021 | 0.70 | - | - | 0.91 | 1.01 | 0.86 | - | 0.93 | 0.87 |
AVG | 0.91 | 0.86 | 0.92 | 1.37 | 1.30 | 1.53 | 3.91 | 1.70 | 1.59 |
S.D. | 0.39 | 0.30 | 0.43 | 0.67 | 0.60 | 0.71 | 1.61 | 0.78 | 0.79 |
Background values | Hanjiang River 0.12 (range 0.04 to 0.41) | ||||||||
Yangtze River 0.13 (range 0.04 to 0.81) |
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Zhuo, H.; Wu, Y.; Liu, Y.; Xu, J.; Guo, X.; Chen, J.; Ouyang, X. Source, Distribution and Potential Risk of Antimony in Water and Sediments of Danjiangkou Reservoir: Impact from Dam. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12367. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912367
Zhuo H, Wu Y, Liu Y, Xu J, Guo X, Chen J, Ouyang X. Source, Distribution and Potential Risk of Antimony in Water and Sediments of Danjiangkou Reservoir: Impact from Dam. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12367. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912367
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhuo, Haihua, Yunli Wu, Yunbing Liu, Jie Xu, Xueqin Guo, Jie Chen, and Xuejiao Ouyang. 2022. "Source, Distribution and Potential Risk of Antimony in Water and Sediments of Danjiangkou Reservoir: Impact from Dam" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12367. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912367