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Article

Pain Management Strategies among Cancer Patients. Normalization of the CSQ (The Pain Coping Strategies Questionnaire) Form

by
Urszula Religioni
1,2,
Aleksandra Czerw
3,4,*,
Katarzyna Sygit
5,
Krzysztof Zdziarski
6,
Olga Partyka
4,
Monika Pajewska
4,
Anna Augustynowicz
2,3,
Michał Waszkiewicz
2,
Elżbieta Cipora
7,
Ewa Ziółkowska
8,
Dominika Mękal
9,
Sylwia Jopek
3,
Łukasz Strzępek
10 and
Tomasz Banaś
11
1
Collegium of Business Administration, Warsaw School of Economics, 02-513 Warsaw, Poland
2
School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education of Warsaw, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
3
Department of Health Economics and Medical Law, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
4
Department of Economic and System Analyses, National Institute of Public Health NIH-National Research Institute, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
5
Faculty of Health Sciences, Calisia University, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland
6
Subdepartment of Social Medicine and Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
7
Faculty of Medical Science, Jan Grodek State University in Sanok, 38-500 Sanok, Poland
8
Interfaculty Department of Mechanical and Medical Engineering, Calisia University, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland
9
Department of Cancer Prevention, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
10
Department of General Surgery, Regional Public Hospital in Bochnia, 32-700 Bochnia, Poland
11
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
 
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*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(2), 1013; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19021013
Submission received: 8 December 2021 / Revised: 7 January 2022 / Accepted: 14 January 2022 / Published: 17 January 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthy Lifestyle: Health Promotion and Prevention)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Introduction: Cancer is associated with chronic pain, which significantly reduces the quality of life. The level of pain depends on the dominant pain management strategy that the patient uses. Objective: This study seeks to evaluate the application of the Pain Coping Strategies Questionnaire among cancer patients and develop norms allowing differentiation of patients with diagnosed cancer in terms of pain management strategies. Material and Methods: The study involved 1187 patients diagnosed with malignant cancer, who are under outpatient care of the Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute—Oncology Center in Warsaw. The study used the Pain Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) elaborated by A.K. Rosentel and F.J. Keefe. Results: Socioeconomic variables and medical factors affect pain management strategies chosen by patients. The area most strongly differentiated by the studied variables is praying/hoping. Factors that have the greatest impact on the choice of pain management strategies for cancer patients include education, income, and radiation therapy. Sten standards were developed to determine the severity of pain management strategies used in the low-average-high categories. Conclusions: The CSQ questionnaire should be used in cancer patients, and the result of the strategy used can be a prognostic factor for the expected effects of therapy. Knowledge of the variables most strongly affecting patients’ choice of strategies that are not conducive to strengthening health attitudes and the ability to determine the severity of pain management strategies on standard scales allows us to focus psychotherapeutic activities on patients who need support most.
Keywords: cancer patients; cancer; CSQ; normalization cancer patients; cancer; CSQ; normalization

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Religioni, U.; Czerw, A.; Sygit, K.; Zdziarski, K.; Partyka, O.; Pajewska, M.; Augustynowicz, A.; Waszkiewicz, M.; Cipora, E.; Ziółkowska, E.; et al. Pain Management Strategies among Cancer Patients. Normalization of the CSQ (The Pain Coping Strategies Questionnaire) Form. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 1013. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19021013

AMA Style

Religioni U, Czerw A, Sygit K, Zdziarski K, Partyka O, Pajewska M, Augustynowicz A, Waszkiewicz M, Cipora E, Ziółkowska E, et al. Pain Management Strategies among Cancer Patients. Normalization of the CSQ (The Pain Coping Strategies Questionnaire) Form. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(2):1013. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19021013

Chicago/Turabian Style

Religioni, Urszula, Aleksandra Czerw, Katarzyna Sygit, Krzysztof Zdziarski, Olga Partyka, Monika Pajewska, Anna Augustynowicz, Michał Waszkiewicz, Elżbieta Cipora, Ewa Ziółkowska, and et al. 2022. "Pain Management Strategies among Cancer Patients. Normalization of the CSQ (The Pain Coping Strategies Questionnaire) Form" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2: 1013. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19021013

APA Style

Religioni, U., Czerw, A., Sygit, K., Zdziarski, K., Partyka, O., Pajewska, M., Augustynowicz, A., Waszkiewicz, M., Cipora, E., Ziółkowska, E., Mękal, D., Jopek, S., Strzępek, Ł., & Banaś, T. (2022). Pain Management Strategies among Cancer Patients. Normalization of the CSQ (The Pain Coping Strategies Questionnaire) Form. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(2), 1013. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19021013

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