Gender Differences in Psychological Stress Factors of Physical Therapy Degree Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Setting and Participants
2.3. Demographic Features of the Sample
2.4. Endpoints
2.4.1. Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL)
2.4.2. Psychological Measures
2.4.3. Lifestyle Outcomes
2.4.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Gender | N | Average | Standard Deviation | T | p | Confidence Interval Lower Upper | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | Male | 78 | 23.51 | 5.15 | −0.495 | 0.621 | −0.35457 | 0.21256 |
Female | 73 | 23.27 | 5.27 | |||||
SF-36 physical functioning | Male | 78 | 96.21 | 6.75 | 2.10 | 0.036 | 0.1697968 | 5.279799 |
Female | 73 | 93.49 | 9.04 | |||||
SF-36 role limitations: physical | Male | 78 | 91.98 | 21.88 | 1.99 | 0.047 | 0.1043865 | 18.11655 |
Female | 73 | 82.87 | 33.30 | |||||
SF-36 Pain | Male | 78 | 71.43 | 20.75 | 0.563 | 0.574 | 5.011605 | 9.00669 |
Female | 73 | 69.43 | 22.82 | |||||
SF-36 General health perceptions | Male | 78 | 76.46 | 15.79 | 2.879 | 0.005 | 2.64596 | 14.22232 |
Female | 73 | 68.02 | 20.07 | |||||
SF-36 energy/vitality | Male | 78 | 62.82 | 20.36 | 4.250 | 0.000 | 7.59240 | 20.78836 |
Female | 73 | 48.63 | 20.65 | |||||
SF-36 social functioning | Male | 78 | 74.67 | 25.32 | 3.060 | 0.003 | 4.49589 | 20.89048 |
Female | 73 | 61.98 | 22.82 | |||||
SF-36 role Limitations: emotional | Male | 78 | 60.68 | 42.89 | 2.817 | 0.006 | 5.84683 | 33.32891 |
Female | 73 | 41.09 | 42.49 | |||||
SF-36 mental health | Male | 78 | 69.69 | 18.60 | 4.204 | 0.000 | 7.22684 | 20.04819 |
Female | 73 | 56.05 | 21.24 | |||||
SF-36 declared health evolution | Male | 78 | 3.28 | 0.97 | −0.303 | 0.763 | −0.35177 | 0.25834 |
Female | 73 | 3.32 | 0.91 | |||||
SQ-NRS | Male | 78 | 6.41 | 2.06 | 1.966 | 0.050 | −0.00374 | 1.49244 |
Female | 73 | 5.67 | 2.55 | |||||
STAI-6 | Male | 78 | 12.35 | 4.34 | −4.366 | 0.000 | −4.59246 | −1.73069 |
Female | 73 | 15.52 | 4.55 | |||||
AAQII | Male | 78 | 19.08 | 8.29 | −4.052 | 0.000 | −9.11856 | −3.14031 |
Female | 73 | 25.21 | 10.25 | |||||
TILS | Male | 77 | 4.07 | 1.32 | −3.600 | 0.000 | −1.53580 | −0.44734 |
Female | 73 | 5.06 | 1.32 | |||||
PSS-4 | Male | 78 | 5.16 | 3.19 | −4.188 | 0.000 | −3.36362 | −1.20715 |
Female | 73 | 7.45 | 3.51 | |||||
BDI-II | Male | 78 | 15.16 | 10.59 | −4.493 | 0.000 | −12.12662 | −4.71813 |
Female | 73 | 23.58 | 12.41 |
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Bermejo-Franco, A.; Sánchez-Sánchez, J.L.; Gaviña-Barroso, M.I.; Atienza-Carbonell, B.; Balanzá-Martínez, V.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J. Gender Differences in Psychological Stress Factors of Physical Therapy Degree Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 810. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020810
Bermejo-Franco A, Sánchez-Sánchez JL, Gaviña-Barroso MI, Atienza-Carbonell B, Balanzá-Martínez V, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Gender Differences in Psychological Stress Factors of Physical Therapy Degree Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(2):810. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020810
Chicago/Turabian StyleBermejo-Franco, Alberto, Juan Luis Sánchez-Sánchez, María Isabel Gaviña-Barroso, Beatriz Atienza-Carbonell, Vicent Balanzá-Martínez, and Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez. 2022. "Gender Differences in Psychological Stress Factors of Physical Therapy Degree Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2: 810. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020810