Development and Evaluation of Cultural Competence Course on Undergraduate Nursing Students in Vietnam
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Development of the Cultural Competence Course
2.2. Study Design and Participants of Cultural Competence Course
2.3. Instruments for Course Evaluation
2.3.1. Quantitative Measures
2.3.2. Qualitative Measures
2.4. Ethical Considerations
2.5. Data Collection
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Quantitative Findings of Effects of Cultural Competence Course
3.1.1. Baseline Characteristics of Students
3.1.2. Effectiveness of Cultural Competence Course among Nursing Students
3.1.3. Level of Student Satisfaction
3.2. Qualitative Results of Effects of Cultural Competence Course
3.2.1. Nursing Student’s Perspective on Cultural Competence Course
3.2.2. Nursing Students’ Reflection of Field Experience
4. Discussion
4.1. Development of a Cultural Competence Course
4.2. Evaluation of a Cultural Competence Course
5. Conclusions and Suggestions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Course Contents | Time (h) | Instructional Strategies | Assessment Methods |
---|---|---|---|
Culture Describe a definition of culture and its impact on related health and illness. | 2 | Lecture, Watching Movie and documentary, Discussion | Quiz, Reflective writing |
Cultural Diversity Discuss cultural diversity, its impact on health care. | 2 | ||
Cultural Nursing Competence Focus on an understanding of cultural competence and effective strategies for promoting culturally competent nursing care. | 4 | ||
Culturally Competent Nursing Care in Vietnamese context Explain an understanding of culturally competent nursing care in Vietnamese setting. | 2 | ||
Service learning program and case study conference (Experimental group I) Explain an understanding of culturally competent nursing care Perform cultural assessment by using Purnell model Group reflection and individual reflection about the impact of field experience | 4 | Service learning, Guest presentation, Home visit Group presentation | Reflective writing, Group report |
Relevant data sources and best evidence in providing culturally competent nursing care (Experimental group II) | 4 | Group presentation | Reflective writing, Group report |
Variables (N = 60) | Exp. I (n = 20) | Exp. II (n = 20) | Con. (n = 20) | χ2/F | Cramer’s V | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Means ± SD/n (%) | ||||||
Age (years) | 20.30 ± 0.57 | 20.05 ± 0.22 | 20.40 ± 0.50 | 2.41 | 0.10 | |
Religion | 3.11 | 0.16 | 0.54 | |||
Buddhism | 1 (5.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.0) | |||
Christian | 0 (0.0) | 2 (10.0) | 2 (10.0) | |||
No religion | 19 (95.0) | 18 (90.0) | 17 (85.0) | |||
Take care of race or ethnic patients | 1.56 | 0.16 | 0.46 | |||
Yes | 4 (20.0) | 5 (25.0) | 2 (10.0) | |||
No | 16 (80.0) | 15 (75.0) | 18 (90.0) | |||
Live in environment with people with diverse ethnicity | 0.17 | 0.05 | 0.92 | |||
Yes | 5 (25.0) | 5 (25.0) | 6 (30.0) | |||
No | 15 (75.0) | 15 (75.0) | 14 (70.0) | |||
Encountered special patients | 1.05 | 0.13 | 0.59 | |||
Yes | 13 (65.0) | 12 (60.0) | 15 (75.0) | |||
No | 7 (35.0) | 8 (40.0) | 5 (25.0) | |||
Total NCCS scores | 113.65 ± 16.22 | 113.40 ± 12.11 | 120.55 ± 10.82 | 1.88 | 0.16 | |
Cultural Awareness | 37.95 ± 5.32 | 38.15 ± 4.06 | 39.20 ± 3.83 | 0.46 | 0.64 | |
Cultural Knowledge | 20.00 ± 4.97 | 19.55 ± 4.89 | 22.40 ± 3.98 | 2.18 | 0.12 | |
Cultural Sensitivity | 22.75 ± 3.68 | 23.65 ± 3.69 | 24.25 ± 3.37 | 0.89 | 0.42 | |
Cultural Skills | 32.95 ± 7.43 | 32.05 ± 6.11 | 34.70 ± 4.46 | 0.97 | 0.39 |
Variables (n = 60) | Group | T1 | T2 | Difference (T1–T2) | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | ||||||
Cultural Awareness | Cont. | 39.20 ± 3.83 | 37.55 ± 5.19 | 1.65 ± 5.15 | 1.43 | 0.17 |
Exp. I | 37.95 ± 5.32 | 38.00 ± 6.22 | −0.05 ± 6.19 | −0.04 | 0.97 | |
Exp. II | 38.15 ± 4.06 | 35.05 ± 7.16 | 3.10 ± 7.28 | 1.90 | 0.07 | |
Cultural Knowledge | Con. | 22.40 ± 3.98 | 25.15 ± 8.63 | −2.75 ± 9.01 | −1.36 | 0.19 |
Exp. I | 20.00 ± 4.97 | 20.40± 5.73 | −0.40 ± 5.34 | −0.34 | 0.74 | |
Exp. II | 19.55 ± 4.98 | 19.90 ± 4.32 | −0.35 ± 5.31 | −0.29 | 0.77 | |
Cultural Sensitivity | Con. | 24.25 ± 3.37 | 25.35 ± 4.51 | −1.10 ± 4.46 | −1.10 | 0.28 |
Exp. I | 22.75 ± 3.68 | 24.75 ± 4.69 | −2.00 ± 5.05 | −1.77 | 0.09 | |
Exp. II | 23.65 ± 3.69 | 23.95 ± 5.10 | −0.30 ± 5.89 | −0.23 | 0.82 | |
Cultural Skill | Con. | 34.70 ± 4.46 | 36.80 ± 6.59 | −2.10 ± 6.50 | −1.45 | 0.17 |
Exp. I | 32.95 ± 7.43 | 33.10 ± 7.35 | −0.15 ± 8.28 | −0.08 | 0.94 | |
Exp. II | 32.05 ± 6.11 | 30.95 ± 7.37 | 1.10 ± 6.25 | 0.79 | 0.44 | |
Total NCCS scores | Con. | 120.55 ± 10.82 | 124.85 ± 15.69 | −4.30 ± 15.77 | −1.22 | 0.24 |
Exp. I | 113.65 ± 16.22 | 116.25 ± 17.69 | −2.60 ± 17.09 | −0.68 | 0.52 | |
Exp. II | 113.40 ± 12.11 | 109.85 ± 16.13 | 3.55 ± 17.43 | 0.91 | 0.37 |
Variables (n = 60) | Group | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | Source | F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | ||||||||
Cultural Awareness | Cont. | 39.20 ± 3.83 | 37.55 ± 5.19 | 37.60 ± 5.22 | 40.00 ± 5.25 | Group | 0.55 | 0.582 |
Exp. I | 37.95 ± 5.32 | 38.00 ± 6.22 | 41.70 ± 4.87 | 41.05 ± 3.93 | Time | 10.29 | <0.001 | |
Exp. II | 38.15 ± 4.06 | 35.05 ± 7.16 | 41.65 ± 3.76 | 41.20 ± 4.01 | Time × Group | 2.75 | 0.017 | |
Cultural Knowledge | Con. | 22.40 ± 3.98 | 25.15 ± 8.63 | 23.50 ± 5.06 | 23.25 ± 4.18 | Group | 3.72 | 0.030 |
Exp. I | 20.00 ± 4.97 | 20.40± 5.73 | 32.50 ± 4.74 | 32.00 ± 4.00 | Time | 55.54 | <0.001 | |
Exp. II | 19.55 ± 4.98 | 19.90 ± 4.32 | 31.15 ± 4.85 | 31.40 ± 4.64 | Time × Group | 15.51 | <0.001 | |
Cultural Sensitivity | Con. | 24.25 ± 3.37 | 25.35 ± 4.51 | 25.50 ± 3.99 | 26.30 ± 3.01 | Group | 2.89 | 0.064 |
Exp. I | 22.75 ± 3.68 | 24.75 ± 4.69 | 30.65 ± 3.15 | 30.15 ± 4.65 | Time | 25.75 | <0.001 | |
Exp. II | 23.65 ± 3.69 | 23.95 ± 5.10 | 29.25 ± 4.52 | 29.05 ± 4.21 | Time × Group | 3.93 | 0.002 | |
Cultural Skill | Con. | 34.70 ± 4.46 | 36.80 ± 6.59 | 35.60 ± 6.00 | 35.50 ± 5.88 | Group | 7.87 | 0.001 |
Exp. I | 32.95 ± 7.43 | 33.10 ± 7.35 | 49.75 ± 7.10 | 47.10 ± 6.22 | Time | 64.23 | <0.001 | |
Exp. II | 32.05 ± 6.11 | 30.95 ± 7.37 | 48.25 ± 6.36 | 48.20 ± 8.91 | Time × Group | 17.13 | <0.001 | |
Total NCCS scores | Con. | 120.55 ± 10.82 | 124.85 ± 15.69 | 122.20 ± 12.54 | 125.05 ± 10.17 | Group | 7.59 | 0.001 |
Exp. I | 113.65 ± 16.22 | 116.25 ± 17.69 | 154.60 ± 15.54 | 150.30 ± 15.74 | Time | 66.73 | <0.001 | |
Exp. II | 113.40 ± 12.11 | 109.85 ± 16.13 | 150.30 ± 16.38 | 149.85 ± 18.68 | Time × Group | 15.99 | <0.001 |
Variables (n = 40) | Total (n = 40) | Exp. I (n = 20) | Exp. II (n = 20) | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | |||||
Teaching | 4.55 ± 0.37 | 4.62 ± 0.30 | 4.48 ± 0.42 | 0.86 | 0.36 |
Assessment | 3.95 ± 0.54 | 3.98 ± 0.46 | 3.92 ± 0.62 | 2.04 | 0.16 |
Generic skills, learning experiences | 4.19 ± 0.52 | 4.38 ± 0.43 | 4.00 ± 0.48 | 0.25 | 0.62 |
Overall satisfaction | 4.40 ± 0.44 | 4.48 ± 0.45 | 4.33 ± 0.44 | 1.89 | 0.18 |
Category | Subcategory |
---|---|
Nursing student’s perspective on cultural competence course | Journey to cultural competence |
Satisfaction with cultural competence course | |
Suggestion for improvements | |
Nursing student’s reflection of field experience | Obtaining cultural experiences |
Expanding understanding of cultural competence through field experience |
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Ho, T.-T.-T.; Oh, J. Development and Evaluation of Cultural Competence Course on Undergraduate Nursing Students in Vietnam. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 888. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020888
Ho T-T-T, Oh J. Development and Evaluation of Cultural Competence Course on Undergraduate Nursing Students in Vietnam. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(2):888. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020888
Chicago/Turabian StyleHo, Trang-Thi-Thuy, and Jina Oh. 2022. "Development and Evaluation of Cultural Competence Course on Undergraduate Nursing Students in Vietnam" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2: 888. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020888