Cranio-Mandibular Disorders after Whiplash Injury: A Mono-Institutional Clinical Study on 31 Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
- (A)
- Lesion severity: such as manifestation of a traumatic brain injury or craniocaudal joint dislocation. Indeed, a VAS of 4 remained in the patient that reported a traumatic brain injury and a VAS of 3 and 5 remained in those patients subject to very strong trauma.
- (B)
- Pre-existent craniomandibular dysfunction: Two patients out of three with a residual VAS higher than 3 showed signs of parafunction at the six-month follow-up period.
- (C)
- Patient age: three out of five patients with a residual VAS higher than 3 were older than 38 years; therefore, such patients were referred for longer therapy and gum shield use.
- (D)
- Control group: in the short term, Zimmer collar therapy promotes tendon myositis, with greater pain reported with respect to the control group (no Zimmer Collar); furthermore, chronic pain after six months was equal between the study and control group in terms of percentage, thus highlighting how pain persistence is due to a central sensitization phenomenon affecting the nervous system.
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Grade | Clinical Presentation * | Subgrade |
---|---|---|
0 | No complaint, no physical signs | 2A: point tenderness. normal range of movement |
1 | Neck pain, stiffness, or tenderness | |
2 | Neck complaint and musculoskeletal signs: decreased range of movement and point tenderness | |
3 | Neck complaint and neurologic signs: decreased or absent deep tendon reflexes, weakness, or sensory deficits | 2B: point tenderness. abnormal range of movement |
4 | Neck complaint and fracture or dislocation |
PT No. | AGE | SEX | VAS I Visit | VAS 6 Months | RDC I Visit | RDC 6 Months | Michigan Occlusal Splint | Zimmer Collar |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 20 | F | 4 | 0 | 1B + 3A | 1A | NO | YES |
2 | 20 | M | 7 | 0 | 1B | 0 | NO | YES |
3 | 20 | F | 8 | 0 | 1B + 3A | 0 | YES | YES |
4 | 27 | M | 4 | 0 | 1B | 0 | NO | YES |
5 | 27 | F | 6 | 0 | 1B + 3A | 0 | NO | YES |
6 | 28 | F | 8 | 0 | 1B + 3A | 0 | NO | YES |
7 | 29 | F | 6 | 0 | 1B | 0 | NO | YES |
8 | 29 | F | 5 | 0 | 1B + 2A | 0 | NO | YES |
9 | 29 | F | 7 | 0 | 1A | 0 | NO | YES |
10 | 30 | F | 7 | 0 | 1B + 3A | 1A | YES | YES |
11 | 33 | F | 4 | 0 | 1B | 0 | NO | YES |
12 | 36 | F | 6 | 0 | 1B + 3A | 0 | NO | YES |
13 | 38 | F | 6 | 4 | 1B + 3A | 1A | YES | YES |
14 | 39 | F | 8 | 3 | 1B + SA | 1A | YES | YES |
15 | 39 | F | 9 | 5 | 1B + 3A | 1A | YES | YES |
16 | 19 | F | 7 | 0 | 1B | 0 | NO | YES |
17 | 20 | F | 7 | 0 | 1B | 0 | NO | YES |
18 | 35 | M | 7 | 0 | 1A + 1B | 0 | NO | YES |
19 | 39 | M | 7 | 0 | 1A + 1B | 0 | NO | YES |
20 | 38 | F | 6 | 2 | 1A | 0 | NO | YES |
PT No. | AGE | SEX | VAS I Visit | VAS 6 Months | RDC I Visit | RDC 6 Months | Michigan Occlusal Splint | Zimmer Collar |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 20 | F | 8 | 0 | 1B | 0 | NO | NO |
2 | 24 | M | 5 | 2 | 1B | 0 | YES | NO |
3 | 25 | M | 8 | 0 | 1B | 0 | NO | NO |
4 | 27 | M | 5 | 0 | 1A | 0 | NO | NO |
5 | 29 | F | 8 | 0 | 2A + 1B | 0 | NO | NO |
6 | 29 | F | 5 | 2 | 1A + 3A | 1A | YES | NO |
7 | 30 | F | 7 | 0 | 1A | 0 | NO | NO |
8 | 32 | F | 7 | 0 | 1A | 0 | NO | NO |
9 | 33 | M | 7 | 0 | 1B | 0 | NO | NO |
10 | 33 | M | 7 | 2 | 1B + 2A | 1A | YES | NO |
11 | 33 | F | 5 | 2 | 1B + 3A | 1A | YES | NO |
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Corsalini, M.; Capodiferro, S.; dell’Olio, F.; Albanese, G.; Quaranta, N.; Solarino, B.; Catapano, S.; Di Venere, D. Cranio-Mandibular Disorders after Whiplash Injury: A Mono-Institutional Clinical Study on 31 Patients. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 901. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020901
Corsalini M, Capodiferro S, dell’Olio F, Albanese G, Quaranta N, Solarino B, Catapano S, Di Venere D. Cranio-Mandibular Disorders after Whiplash Injury: A Mono-Institutional Clinical Study on 31 Patients. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(2):901. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020901
Chicago/Turabian StyleCorsalini, Massimo, Saverio Capodiferro, Fabio dell’Olio, Giovanni Albanese, Nicola Quaranta, Biagio Solarino, Santo Catapano, and Daniela Di Venere. 2022. "Cranio-Mandibular Disorders after Whiplash Injury: A Mono-Institutional Clinical Study on 31 Patients" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2: 901. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020901