Associations between Fundamental Movement Skills and Moderate-to-Vigorous Intensity Physical Activity among Chinese Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Disability
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measurements
2.3. Procedures
2.4. Data Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Information of the Participants
3.2. FMS Proficiency and MVPA Time
3.3. Association between FMS of Children and Adolescents with ID with their MVPA Time
4. Discussion
Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Overall (n = 93) M (SD) | Boys (n = 63) M (SD) | Girls (n = 30) M (SD) |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 13.27 (3.35) | 13.33 (3.48) | 13.13 (3.09) |
Children (7–12 y) | 49 | 34 | 15 |
Adolescents (13–17 y) | 44 | 29 | 15 |
Height (m) | 1.50 (0.16) | 1.51 (0.17) | 1.46 (0.14) |
Weight (kg) | 45.26 (14.88) | 47.02 (15.94) | 41.47 (11.77) |
Mastery % (n) | Near-Mastery % (n) | Poor % (n) | |
---|---|---|---|
Locomotor skills | |||
Run | 6.45 (6) | 18.28 (17) | 75.27 (70) |
Gallop | 21.51 (20) | 19.35 (18) | 59.14 (55) |
Hop | 1.08 (1) | 18.28 (17) | 80.65 (75) |
Leap | 10.75 (10) | 12.90 (12) | 76.34 (71) |
Horizontal jump | 6.45 (6) | 12.90 (12) | 80.65 (75) |
Slide | 5.38 (5) | 48.39 (45) | 46.24 (43) |
Object control skills | |||
Strike a stationary ball | 2.15 (2) | 20.43 (19) | 77.42 (72) |
Stationary dribble | 8.60 (8) | 24.73 (23) | 66.67 (62) |
Catch | 12.90 (12) | 20.43 (19) | 66.67 (62) |
Kick | 2.15 (2) | 11.83 (11) | 86.02 (80) |
Overhand throw | 0 (0) | 4.30 (4) | 95.70 (89) |
Underhand roll | 1.08 (1) | 7.53 (7) | 91.40 (85) |
Variables | Locomotor M (SD) | Object Control M (SD) | Total FMS Scores M (SD) | MVPA Min M (SD) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||||
Boys | 28.17 (11.49) | 25.37 (7.80) ** | 53.54 (18.25) | 41.20 (12.75) | |
Girls | 25.67 (12.36) | 22.03 (10.93) * | 47.70 (21.95) | 36.64 (11.55) | |
Age | Children (7–12 y) | 26.00 (11.97) | 23.22 (8.74) * | 49.22 (19.48) | 40.49 (13.10) |
Adolescents (13–17 y) | 28.89 (11.49) | 25.48 (9.28) ** | 54.36 (19.60) | 38.88 (11.89) | |
Overall | Observed | 27.37 (11.77) | 24.29 (9.01) *** | 51.66 (19.59) | 39.73 (12.50) |
Maximum | 48.00 (0.00) | 48.00 (0.00) | 96.00 (0.00) | — | |
t = −16.91, p = 0.000 | t = −25.39, p = 0.000 | t = −21.83, p = 0.000 | — |
Gender | Age | Gender × Age | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SS | df | F | p | SS | df | F | p | SS | df | F | p | |||
Locomotor | 138.878 | 1 | 0.996 | 0.321 | 195.535 | 1 | 1.403 | 0.239 | 2.652 | 1 | 0.019 | 0.891 | ||
Object control | 247.384 | 1 | 3.159 | 0.079 | 43.184 | 1 | 0.551 | 0.460 | 136.314 | 1 | 1.741 | 0.190 | ||
Total FMS scores | 756.971 | 1 | 1.990 | 0.162 | 422.501 | 1 | 1.111 | 0.295 | 100.937 | 1 | 0.265 | 0.608 | ||
MVPA time | 414.608 | 1 | 2.660 | 0.106 | 71.527 | 1 | 0.459 | 0.500 | 29.499 | 1 | 0.189 | 0.665 |
Variable | 1 | 2 | 3 |
---|---|---|---|
1 MVPA min | |||
2 Locomotor skills | 0.503 *** | ||
3 Object control skills | 0.552 *** | 0.775 *** | |
4 Total FMS scores | 0.556 *** | 0.957 *** | 0.925 *** |
1 Boys’ MVPA min | |||
2 Boys’ locomotor skills | 0.446 *** | ||
3 Boys’ object control skills | 0.518 *** | 0.783 *** | |
4 Boys’ total FMS scores | 0.502 *** | 0.964 *** | 0.920 *** |
1 Girls’ MVPA min | |||
2 Girls’ locomotor skills | 0.610 *** | ||
3 Girls’ object control skills | 0.604 *** | 0.776 *** | |
4 Girls’ total FMS scores | 0.644 *** | 0.949 *** | 0.935 *** |
1 Children’s MVPA min | |||
2 Children’s locomotor skills | 0.474 ** | ||
3 Children’s object control skills | 0.563 *** | 0.765 *** | |
4 Children’s total FMS scores | 0.544 *** | 0.957 *** | 0.919 *** |
1 Adolescents’ MVPA min | |||
2 Adolescents’ locomotor skills | 0.571 *** | ||
3 Adolescents’ object control skills | 0.572 *** | 0.781 *** | |
4 Adolescents’ total FMS scores | 0.605 *** | 0.955 *** | 0.930 *** |
Model | Predictors | B | Standard Error of B | 95% CI of B | β | t | R2 | ΔR2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | (Constant) | 41.909 | 5.547 | [30.888, 52.929] | 7.555 *** | 0.041 | 0.019 | |
Gender | 4.628 | 2.747 | [−0.828, 10.085] | 0.174 | 1.685 | |||
Age | −0.401 | 0.386 | [−1.167, 0.366] | −0.107 | −1.039 * | |||
2 | (Constant) | 28.96 | 4.96 | [19.109, 38.82] | 5.841 *** | 0.371 | 0.342 | |
Gender | 2.288 | 2.287 | [−2.257, 6.833] | 0.086 | 1.000 | |||
Age | −0.812 | 0.323 | [−1.454, −0.171] | −0.217 | −2.516 * | |||
Locomotor skills | 0.257 | 0.144 | [−0.029, 0.542] | 0.242 | 1.787 | |||
Object control skills | 0.534 | 0.188 | [0.160, 0.908] | 0.385 | 2.840 ** |
Predictors | B | Standard Error of B | 95% CI of B | β | t | R2 | ΔR2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.328 | 0.294 | ||||||
Boys’ locomotor skills | 0.113 | 0.190 | [−0.268, 0.494] | 0.101 | 0.591 | ||
Boys’ object control skills | 0.842 | 0.287 | [0.268, 1.416] | 0.515 | 2.936 ** | ||
0.486 | 0.427 | ||||||
Girls’ locomotor skills | 0.472 | 0.221 | [0.017, 0.926] | 0.505 | 2.133 * | ||
Girls’ object control skills | 0.198 | 0.248 | [−0.312, 0.709] | 0.188 | 0.799 | ||
0.328 | 0.284 | ||||||
Children’s locomotor skills | 0.097 | 0.209 | [−0.324, 0.519] | 0.089 | 0.465 | ||
Children’s object control skills | 0.736 | 0.285 | [0.162, 1.310] | 0.491 | 2.582 * | ||
0.378 | 0.331 | ||||||
Adolescents’ locomotor skills | 0.377 | 0.214 | [−0.055, 0.808] | 0.364 | 1.763 | ||
Adolescents’ object control skills | 0.322 | 0.278 | [−0.241, 0.885] | 0.250 | 1.156 |
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Wang, T.; Qian, Y.; Zhong, T.; Qi, J. Associations between Fundamental Movement Skills and Moderate-to-Vigorous Intensity Physical Activity among Chinese Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Disability. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 13057. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013057
Wang T, Qian Y, Zhong T, Qi J. Associations between Fundamental Movement Skills and Moderate-to-Vigorous Intensity Physical Activity among Chinese Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Disability. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(20):13057. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013057
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Taijin, Yingtao Qian, Tianwei Zhong, and Jing Qi. 2022. "Associations between Fundamental Movement Skills and Moderate-to-Vigorous Intensity Physical Activity among Chinese Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Disability" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20: 13057. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013057