Sustainable or Not? Insights on the Consumption of Animal Products in Poland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Demographic Factor | Frequency (n = 67) | Percentage (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 16 | 24 |
Female | 51 | 76 | |
Prefer not to answer | 0 | 0 | |
Age | 18–20 years | 0 | 0 |
21–30 years | 14 | 21 | |
31–40 years | 23 | 34 | |
41–50 years | 10 | 15 | |
51–60 years | 6 | 9 | |
61–70 years | 6 | 9 | |
Over 70 years | 5 | 7 | |
Refusal to answer | 3 | 3 | |
Educational level | Secondary education | 4 | 6 |
Secondary vocational | 2 | 3 | |
Post-secondary | 6 | 9 | |
Higher vocational | 3 | 5 | |
Bachelor degree | 4 | 6 | |
Master degree | 44 | 67 | |
Refusal to answer | 4 | 4 | |
Marital status | Single | 21 | 31 |
Married/in relation | 38 | 57 | |
Separation/after divorce | 2 | 3 | |
Widowed | 4 | 6 | |
Refusal to answer | 2 | 3 | |
Single | 21 | 31 | |
Region of Poland (voivodeship/province) | Dolnośląskie | 10 | 15 |
Kujawsko-pomorskie | 1 | 1 | |
Łódzkie | 2 | 3 | |
Małopolskie | 24 | 36 | |
Mazowieckie | 3 | 4 | |
Opolskie | 17 | 25 | |
Podkarpackie | 2 | 3 | |
Śląskie | 2 | 3 | |
Wielkopolskie | 3 | 4 | |
Refusal to answer | 3 | 4 | |
Area of residence, number of inhabitants | Countryside agricultural area | 9 | 13 |
City, up to 20,000 | 1 | 1 | |
City, 21,000–100,000 | 4 | 6 | |
City, 101,000–250,000 | 16 | 24 | |
City, 251,000–500,000 | 3 | 4 | |
City, 501,000–750,000 | 4 | 6 | |
City, 751,000–1,000,000 | 18 | 27 | |
City, over 1,000,000 | 9 | 13 | |
Refusal to answer | 3 | 4 | |
Number of people in the household | 1 | 10 | 15 |
2 | 27 | 40 | |
3 | 10 | 15 | |
4 | 11 | 16 | |
5 | 5 | 8 | |
6 | 1 | 1 | |
7 | 1 | 1 | |
Refusal to answer | 2 | 3 | |
Indicative net income in PLN [in USD] | Up to PLN1000 [US$251.5] | 3 | 4 |
PLN1001–3000 [US$251.7–754.5] | 30 | 45 | |
PLN3001–5000 [US$754.8–1257.6] | 11 | 16 | |
PLN5001–7000 [US$1257.8–1760.6] | 7 | 10 | |
PLN7001–9000 [US$1760.8–2263.6] | 0 | 0 | |
Over PLN9000 [US$2263.6] | 3 | 4 | |
Refusal to answer | 13 | 19 |
3. Results
3.1. The Characteristic of the Respondents
3.2. The Characteristic of the Supply Sources of Animal Products
3.3. The Characteristic of the Trends in the Consumption of Animal Products
3.3.1. The Frequency of the Consumption of Animal Products
3.3.2. The Quantity of the Consumption of Animal Products at One-Serving
3.3.3. Statistical Analysis Related with Egg Marking
4. Discussion
Egg Marking | Observed | Expected | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Women | Men | Women | Men | ||
3 | 10 | 2 | 9.3103 | 2.6897 | 0.2674 |
2 | 18 | 5 | 17.8448 | 5.1552 | |
1 | 7 | 1 | 6.2069 | 1.7931 | |
0 | 4 | 0 | 3.1034 | 0.8966 | |
? | 6 | 5 | 8.5345 | 2.4655 |
Egg Marking | Observed | Expected | p-Value | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Single | Married/ in Relation | Separation/After Divorce | Widowed | Single | Married/ in Relation | Separation/After Divorce | Widowed | ||
3 | 2 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 3.6429 | 7.0714 | 0.4286 | 0.857 | 0.0803 |
2 | 6 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 6.6786 | 12.9643 | 0.7857 | 1.5714 | |
1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2.125 | 4.125 | 0.25 | 0.5 | |
0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1.2143 | 2.3571 | 0.1429 | 0.2857 | |
? | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3.3393 | 6.4821 | 0.3929 | 0.7857 |
Egg Marking | Observed | Expected | p-Value | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<1000 PLN | 1001–3000 PLN | 3001–5000 PLN | 5001–7000 PLN | >9001 PLN | <1000 PLN | 1001–3000 PLN | 3001–5000 PLN | 5001–7000 PLN | >9001 PLN | ||
3 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0.3913 | 4.6957 | 1.9565 | 1.3696 | 0.5870 | 0.3468 |
2 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 0.7826 | 9.3913 | 3.9130 | 2.7391 | 1.1739 | |
1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.2609 | 3.1304 | 1.3043 | 0.9130 | 0.3913 | |
0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1739 | 2.0870 | 0.8696 | 0.6087 | 0.2609 | |
? | 0 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.3913 | 4.6957 | 1.9565 | 1.3696 | 0.5870 |
Egg Marking | Observed | Expected | p-Value | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Secondary Education | Secondary Vocational | Post-Secondary | Higher Vocational | Bachelor’s Degree | Master’s Degree | Secondary Education | Secondary Vocational | Post-Secondary | Higher Vocational | Bachelor’s Degree | Master’s Degree | ||
3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0.8727 | 0.4364 | 1.0909 | 0.4364 | 0.8727 | 8.2909 | 0.7677 |
2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 14 | 1.5273 | 0.7636 | 1.9091 | 0.7636 | 1.5273 | 14.5091 | |
1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0.5091 | 0.2545 | 0.6364 | 0.2545 | 0.5091 | 4.8364 | |
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0.2909 | 0.1455 | 0.3636 | 0.1455 | 0.2909 | 2.7636 | |
? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 7.6 |
4.1. Meat Consumption
4.2. The Consumption of Fish Products
4.3. The Consumption of Eggs
4.4. Limitations of the Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mazur-Włodarczyk, K.; Gruszecka-Kosowska, A. Sustainable or Not? Insights on the Consumption of Animal Products in Poland. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 13072. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013072
Mazur-Włodarczyk K, Gruszecka-Kosowska A. Sustainable or Not? Insights on the Consumption of Animal Products in Poland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(20):13072. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013072
Chicago/Turabian StyleMazur-Włodarczyk, Katarzyna, and Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska. 2022. "Sustainable or Not? Insights on the Consumption of Animal Products in Poland" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20: 13072. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013072