A Comparative Analysis of Gender Discrepancy Stress, Attitudes toward Intimate Partner Violence, and Perpetration among Young Adults in the USA and Uganda
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Social Status
2.2.2. Attitudes toward Dating Violence
2.2.3. Gender Discrepancy and Gender Discrepancy Stress
2.2.4. AUDIT Scores
2.2.5. Intimate Partner Violence
2.2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics
3.2. Exploratory Findings
3.3. Inferential Models–Uganda
3.3.1. Bivariable Models
3.3.2. Multivariable Model
3.4. Inferential Models–United States
Bivariable Models
3.5. Multivariable Models
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Uganda (n = 210) N (%) | US (n = 198) N (%) | χ2 | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex Female Male | 100 (47.62) 110 (52.38) | 105 (53.03) 93 (46.97) | 1.19 | 0.2746 |
Highest level of education * Primary/Middle School Secondary/High School U. Diploma/Associate’s Bachelor’s Degree Master’s Degree | 3 (1.44) 46 (22.01) 56 (26.79) 103 (49.28) 1 (0.48) | 13 (6.63) 81 (41.33) 46 (23.47) 42 (21.43) 14 (7.14) | 53.44 | <0.0001 |
Health Excellent Very Good Good Fair Poor | 45 (21.43) 81 (38.57) 63 (30.00) 20 (9.52) 1 (0.48) | 64 (32.32) 80 (40.40) 43 (21.72) 11 (5.56) 0 (0) | 10.36 | 0.0348 |
Mean (SD) | ||||
Age | 23 (1.81) | 21.24 (2.34) | 8.53 | <0.0001 |
Social Status (0–100) | 43.24 (22.62) | 51.65 (23.85) | −3.61 | 0.0003 |
Variable | Uganda | United States | χ2 | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | ||||
IPV Perpetration Male Yes No Female Yes No | 47 (42.73) 63 (57.27) 14 (14.00) 86 (86.00) | 54 (58.06) 39 (41.94) 42 (40.00) 63 (60.00) | 4.74 17.43 | 0.0294 <0.0001 |
IPV Victimization Male Yes No Female Yes No | 57 (51.82) 53 (48.18) 47 (47.00) 53 (53.00) | 63 (67.74) 30 (32.26) 58 (55.24) 47 (44.76) | 5.29 1.39 | 0.0215 0.2382 |
Mean (SD) | t-value | |||
Gender Discrepancy Male Female | 2.79 (1.28) 2.62 (1.29) | 3.37 (1.12) 3.17 (1.08) | −3.40 −3.32 | 0.0008 0.0011 |
Discrepancy Stress Male Female | 2.55 (1.34) 2.48 (1.29) | 3.16 (1.09) 2.90 (1.10) | −3.53 −2.52 | 0.0005 0.0215 |
IPV Attitudes Male Female | 2.20 (0.63) 1.89 (0.75) | 2.53 (0.81) 2.24 (0.77) | −3.23 −3.28 | 0.0014 0.0012 |
AUDIT Score Male Female | 4.50 (5.49) 3.81 (4.98) | 8.08 (8.98) 5.07 (6.55) | −3.48 −1.54 | 0.0006 0.1251 |
Uganda | USA | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Correlates | OR (95% CI) | Adj. OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | Adj. OR (95% CI) |
Gender Male Female | 4.58 (2.32, 9.04) Ref | 6.23 (2.45, 15.86) Ref | 2.08 (1.78, 3.67) Ref | 1.35 (0.60, 3.02) Ref |
IPV Victimization Yes No | 23.57 (8.87, 62.62) Ref | 23.47 (7.79, 70.22) Ref | 27.81 (11.59, 66.76) Ref | 27.40 (9.97, 75.32) Ref |
Gender Discrepancy | 1.33 (1.05, 1.69) | 0.85 (0.53, 1.38) | 1.65 (1.25, 2.18) | 1.09 (0.63, 1.91) |
Discrepancy Stress | 1.53 (1.21, 1.93) | 1.39 (0.88, 2.19) | 1.77 (1.33, 2.35) | 1.38 (0.78, 2.42) |
IPV Attitudes | 3.34 (2.05, 5.43) | 2.22 (1.20, 4.10) | 2.15 (1.46, 3.16) | 1.71 (0.97, 3.00) |
AUDIT Score Likely AUD Hazardous Drinking Low risk/No Drinking | 4.14 (1.20, 14.30) * 4.51 (2.01, 10.12) * Ref | 3.01 (0.34, 26.42) 2.30 (0.76, 6.90) Ref | 10.56 (4.12, 27.08) 2.40 (1.09, 5.27) * Ref | 7.11 (2.25, 22.54) 2.54 (0.84, 7.69) Ref |
Age | 0.99 (0.84, 1.16) | 0.86 (0.67, 1.12) | 0.93 (0.83, 1.05) | 0.85 (0.71, 1.02) |
Social Status (0–100) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.02) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) | ||
Education level | 0.68 (0.48, 0.96) | 1.18 (0.69, 2.02) | 0.95 (0.73, 1.24) | |
Health Fair/Poor Excellent/Good | 2.46 (0.99, 6.14) Ref | 0.59 (0.17, 2.08) Ref |
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Lyons, M.J.; Swahn, M.H.; Culbreth, R.; Reidy, D.; Musuya, T.; Bukuluki, P. A Comparative Analysis of Gender Discrepancy Stress, Attitudes toward Intimate Partner Violence, and Perpetration among Young Adults in the USA and Uganda. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 13373. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013373
Lyons MJ, Swahn MH, Culbreth R, Reidy D, Musuya T, Bukuluki P. A Comparative Analysis of Gender Discrepancy Stress, Attitudes toward Intimate Partner Violence, and Perpetration among Young Adults in the USA and Uganda. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(20):13373. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013373
Chicago/Turabian StyleLyons, Matthew J., Monica H. Swahn, Rachel Culbreth, Dennis Reidy, Tina Musuya, and Paul Bukuluki. 2022. "A Comparative Analysis of Gender Discrepancy Stress, Attitudes toward Intimate Partner Violence, and Perpetration among Young Adults in the USA and Uganda" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20: 13373. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013373
APA StyleLyons, M. J., Swahn, M. H., Culbreth, R., Reidy, D., Musuya, T., & Bukuluki, P. (2022). A Comparative Analysis of Gender Discrepancy Stress, Attitudes toward Intimate Partner Violence, and Perpetration among Young Adults in the USA and Uganda. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(20), 13373. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013373