The Associations between Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (24-HMG) and Self-Rated Physical and Mental Health in Older Adults—Cross Sectional Evidence from China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Physical Activity Time
2.2.2. Sedentary Time
2.2.3. Sleep Time
2.2.4. Mental Health and Physical Health Scores
2.2.5. Covariates
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics
3.2. Number of 24-HMG Recommendations Met in Relation to Self-Rated Mental Health and Physical Health
3.3. Meeting 24-HMG Categories in Relation to Self-Rated Mental Health and Physical Health
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mean ± SD/% | t/X2 | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Male | Female | |||
Age (y) | 67.37 ± 0.08 | 67.35 ± 0.12 | 67.38 ± 0.11 | 0.190 | 0.847 |
Residence | 1.240 | 0.265 | |||
City | 48.04 | 48.97 | 47.23 | ||
Rural | 51.96 | 51.03 | 52.77 | ||
Education | 31.665 | <0.001 | |||
Primary school and below | 33.62 | 30.01 | 38.04 | ||
Middle school | 34.47 | 36.01 | 32.57 | ||
High/Higher Vocational/Secondary School | 22.30 | 22.34 | 22.25 | ||
College and above | 9.61 | 11.63 | 7.14 | ||
Spousal status | 1.033 | 0.309 | |||
None | 1.18 | 1.36 | 1.02 | ||
Yes | 98.82 | 98.64 | 98.98 | ||
Annual income (RMB) | 15,262.24 ± 687.77 | 14,875.27 ± 1004.738 | 15,603.58 ± 943.63 | 0.530 | 0.597 |
Health insurance | 0.990 | 0.320 | |||
None | 4.42 | 4.09 | 4.72 | ||
Yes | 95.58 | 95.91 | 95.28 | ||
Job | 106.449 | <0.001 | |||
None | 82.34 | 75.8 | 88.03 | ||
Yes | 17.66 | 24.12 | 11.97 | ||
BMI | 8.751 | 0.003 | |||
Not overweight | 43.46 | 45.86 | 41.34 | ||
Overweight and above | 56.54 | 54.14 | 58.66 | ||
Chronic disease | 0.229 | 0.632 | |||
None | 67.39 | 67.76 | 67.07 | ||
Yes | 32.61 | 32.24 | 32.93 | ||
Smoking | 1.303 | <0.001 | |||
None | 73.69 | 47.70 | 96.50 | ||
Yes | 26.31 | 52.30 | 3.50 | ||
Drinking | 956.230 | <0.001 | |||
None | 76.30 | 54.37 | |||
Yes | 23.70 | 95.55 | |||
Meeting PA | 0.805 | 0.370 | |||
No | 52.80 | 52.07 | 53.45 | ||
Yes | 47.20 | 47.93 | 46.55 | ||
Meeting ST | 18.124 | <0.001 | |||
No | 87.07 | 89.40 | 85.00 | ||
Yes | 12.93 | 10.60 | 15.00 | ||
Meeting Sleep | 2.273 | 0.132 | |||
No | 29.89 | 28.76 | 30.89 | ||
Yes | 69.11 | 71.24 | 69.11 | ||
Meeting 24-HMG category | 21.557 | 0.003 | |||
Meeting none | 11.16 | 11.25 | 11.08 | ||
Only meeting PA | 12.56 | 12.36 | 12.73 | ||
Only meeting ST | 5.46 | 4.69 | 6.14 | ||
Only meeting sleep | 31.02 | 31.84 | 30.31 | ||
Meeting PA + ST | 0.71 | 0.45 | 0.93 | ||
Meeting PA + sleep | 32.32 | 33.96 | 30.89 | ||
Meeting ST + sleep | 5.15 | 4.29 | 5.92 | ||
Meeting PA + ST + sleep | 1.61 | 1.16 | 2.00 | ||
Meeting number of 24-HMG | 4.944 | 0.176 | |||
Meeting 0 | 11.16 | 11.25 | 11.08 | ||
Meeting 1 | 49.04 | 48.89 | 49.18 | ||
Meeting 2 | 38.19 | 38.70 | 37.74 | ||
Meeting 3 | 1.61 | 1.16 | 2.00 | ||
Mental health | 11.724 | 0.001 | |||
None | 46.35 | 49.14 | 43.88 | ||
Yes | 53.65 | 50.86 | 56.12 | ||
Physical health | 18.352 | 0.001 | |||
Very poor | 1.96 | 1.51 | 2.36 | ||
Poor | 9.96 | 8.53 | 11.21 | ||
Moderate | 46.16 | 45.71 | 46.55 | ||
Good | 32.47 | 33.65 | 31.42 | ||
Very good | 9.46 | 10.60 | 8.46 |
Total | Male | Female | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
Ref:Meeting 0 | ||||||
Meeting 1 | 1.09 (0.84~1.42) | 0.487 | 0.94 (0.67~1.34) | 0.770 | 1.32 (0.87~2.01) | 0.185 |
Meeting 2 | 1.44 (1.06~1.89) | 0.007 | 1.32 (0.92~1.88) | 0.122 | 1.63 (1.07~2.49) | 0.022 |
Meeting 3 | 1.81 (0.93~3.50) | 0.049 | 0.87 (0.32~2.31) | 0.786 | 3.30 (1.25~8.69) | 0.016 |
Ref:Meeting 1 | ||||||
Meeting 2 | 1.31 (1.11~1.55) | 0.001 | 1.39 (1.12~1.74) | 0.004 | 1.23 (0.49~1.14) | 0.089 |
Meeting 3 | 1.64 (0.88~3.08) | 0.118 | 0.91 (0.36~2.34) | 0.861 | 2.48 (1.01~6.16) | 0.049 |
Ref:Meeting 2 | ||||||
Meeting 3 | 1.24(0.66~2.33) | 0.486 | 0.66(0.25~1.68) | 0.387 | 2.01 (0.81~4.99) | 0.130 |
Total | Male | Female | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
Ref:meeting 0 | ||||||
Meeting 1 | 1.31 (1.02~1.68) | 0.029 | 1.43 (1.03~1.97) | 0.029 | 1.15 (0.78~1.69) | 0.458 |
Meeting 2 | 1.85 (1.44~2.38) | <0.001 | 1.92 (1.38~2.67) | <0.001 | 1.76 (1.19~2.60) | 0.004 |
Meeting 3 | 2.19 (1.21~3.96) | 0.009 | 1.28 (0.51~3.20) | 0.588 | 2.99 (1.34~6.65) | 0.007 |
Ref:meeting 1 | ||||||
Meeting 2 | 1.40 (1.21~1.63) | <0.001 | 1.34 (1.09~1.65) | 0.005 | 1.52 (1.22~1.90) | <0.001 |
Meeting 3 | 1.66 (0.95~2.91) | 0.072 | 0.89 (0.37~2.15) | 0.812 | 2.59 (1.24~5.38) | 0.011 |
Ref:meeting 2 | ||||||
Meeting 3 | 1.18 (0.67~2.06) | 0.553 | 0.66 (0.27~1.60) | 0.369 | 1.69 (0.82~3.51) | 0.154 |
Total | Male | Female | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
Ref:meeting none | ||||||
Only meeting PA | 1.44 (1.05~1.97) | 0.023 | 1.41 (0.92~2.16) | 0.110 | 1.50 (0.92~2.42) | 0.027 |
Only meeting ST | 0.51 (0.27~0.96) | 0.039 | 0.45 (0.18~1.16) | 0.012 | 0.61 (0.25~1.49) | 0.283 |
Only meeting sleep | 1.01 (0.76~1.33) | 0.923 | 0.83 (0.58~1.20) | 0.333 | 1.31 (0.84~2.03) | 0.229 |
Meeting PA + ST | 1.96 (0.42~9.13) | 0.387 | 4.54 (0.45~45.40) | 0.198 | 0.72 (0.06~8.50) | 0.801 |
Meeting PA + sleep | 1.52 (1.16~2.01) | 0.002 | 1.44 (1.01~2.07) | 0.046 | 1.65 (1.08~2.53) | 0.021 |
Meeting ST + sleep | 1.05 (0.66~1.67) | 0.811 | 0.73 (0.39~1.37) | 0.342 | 1.65 (0.83~3.28) | 0.153 |
Meeting PA + ST + sleep | 1.83 (0.94~3.55) | 0.072 | 0.88 (0.33~2.34) | 0.810 | 3.31 (1.25~8.71) | 0.015 |
Total | Male | Female | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
Ref:meeting none | ||||||
Only meeting PA | 1.37 (1.02~1.84) | 0.032 | 1.40 (0.79~2.17) | 0.024 | 1.26 (0.81~1.97) | 0.292 |
Only meeting ST | 0.81 (0.46~1.44) | 0.485 | 1.19 (0.51~2.76) | 0.672 | 0.58 (0.72~1.27) | 0.177 |
Only meeting sleep | 1.32 (1.02~1.71) | 0.031 | 1.44 (1.02~2.01) | 0.034 | 1.16 (0.77~1.74) | 0.465 |
Meeting PA + ST | 2.59 (0.61~11.01) | 0.197 | 5.1 (0.70~26.79) | 0.105 | 1.42 (0.16~12.23) | 0.744 |
Meeting PA + sleep | 1.94 (1.50~2.51) | <0.001 | 2.04 (1.46~2.86) | 0.001 | 1.83 (1.23~2.72) | 0.003 |
Meeting ST + sleep | 1.24 (0.81~1.91) | 0.307 | 1.10 (0.62~1.96) | 0.729 | 1.40 (0.74~2.63) | 0.295 |
Meeting PA + ST + sleep | 2.21 (1.22~4.00) | 0.009 | 1.29 (0.52~3.23) | 0.574 | 3.02 (1.36~6.72) | 0.007 |
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Luo, L.; Cao, Y.; Hu, Y.; Wen, S.; Tang, K.; Ding, L.; Song, N. The Associations between Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (24-HMG) and Self-Rated Physical and Mental Health in Older Adults—Cross Sectional Evidence from China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 13407. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013407
Luo L, Cao Y, Hu Y, Wen S, Tang K, Ding L, Song N. The Associations between Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (24-HMG) and Self-Rated Physical and Mental Health in Older Adults—Cross Sectional Evidence from China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(20):13407. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013407
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuo, Lin, Yunxia Cao, Yulong Hu, Shaojing Wen, Kaiqi Tang, Lina Ding, and Naiqing Song. 2022. "The Associations between Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (24-HMG) and Self-Rated Physical and Mental Health in Older Adults—Cross Sectional Evidence from China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20: 13407. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013407