Association of the “Weekend Warrior” and Other Physical Activity Patterns with Metabolic Syndrome in the South Korean Population
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Data
2.2. Participants
2.3. Variables
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Metabolic Syndrome | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Yes | No | p–Value | |||||
N | % | N | % | N | % | |||
Total | 27,788 | 100.0 | 7837 | 28.2 | 19,951 | 71.8 | ||
Physical activity patterns | <0.0001 | |||||||
Regularly active | 3609 | 13.0 | 715 | 19.8 | 2894 | 80.2 | ||
Weekend warrior | 594 | 2.1 | 155 | 26.1 | 439 | 73.9 | ||
Inactive | 23,585 | 84.9 | 6967 | 29.5 | 16,618 | 70.5 | ||
Sex | <0.0001 | |||||||
Male | 12,302 | 44.3 | 4008 | 32.6 | 8294 | 67.4 | ||
Female | 15,486 | 55.7 | 3829 | 24.7 | 11,657 | 75.3 | ||
Age | <0.0001 | |||||||
19–29 | 3504 | 12.6 | 289 | 8.2 | 3215 | 91.8 | ||
30–39 | 4240 | 15.3 | 750 | 17.7 | 3490 | 82.3 | ||
40–49 | 5089 | 18.3 | 1256 | 24.7 | 3833 | 75.3 | ||
50–59 | 5313 | 19.1 | 1622 | 30.5 | 3691 | 69.5 | ||
60–69 | 5001 | 18.0 | 1914 | 38.3 | 3087 | 61.7 | ||
70– | 4641 | 16.7 | 2006 | 43.2 | 2635 | 56.8 | ||
Marital status | <0.0001 | |||||||
Married | 19,029 | 68.5 | 5602 | 29.4 | 13,427 | 70.6 | ||
Single, widow | 7311 | 26.3 | 1762 | 24.1 | 5549 | 75.9 | ||
Divorced, Separated | 1448 | 5.2 | 473 | 32.7 | 975 | 67.3 | ||
Educational level | <0.0001 | |||||||
Middle school or below | 8038 | 28.9 | 3335 | 41.5 | 4703 | 58.5 | ||
High school | 9186 | 33.1 | 2325 | 25.3 | 6861 | 74.7 | ||
College or over | 10,564 | 38.0 | 2177 | 20.6 | 8387 | 79.4 | ||
Household income | <0.0001 | |||||||
Low | 5105 | 18.4 | 1995 | 39.1 | 3110 | 60.9 | ||
Mid–low | 6750 | 24.3 | 2023 | 30.0 | 4727 | 70.0 | ||
Mid–high | 7633 | 27.5 | 1943 | 25.5 | 5690 | 74.5 | ||
High | 8300 | 29.9 | 1876 | 22.6 | 6424 | 77.4 | ||
Region | <0.0001 | |||||||
Metropolitan | 12,275 | 44.2 | 3228 | 26.3 | 9047 | 73.7 | ||
Urban | 10,294 | 37.0 | 2828 | 27.5 | 7466 | 72.5 | ||
Rural | 5219 | 18.8 | 1781 | 34.1 | 3438 | 65.9 | ||
Occupational categories | <0.0001 | |||||||
White | 7027 | 25.3 | 1515 | 21.6 | 5512 | 78.4 | ||
Pink | 3637 | 13.1 | 927 | 25.5 | 2710 | 74.5 | ||
Blue | 6333 | 22.8 | 2106 | 33.3 | 4227 | 66.7 | ||
Inoccupation | 10,791 | 38.8 | 3289 | 30.5 | 7502 | 69.5 | ||
Current smoking status | <0.0001 | |||||||
Non–smoker | 16,676 | 60.0 | 4208 | 25.2 | 12,468 | 74.8 | ||
Ex–smoker | 6163 | 22.2 | 2002 | 32.5 | 4161 | 67.5 | ||
Current–smoker | 4949 | 17.8 | 1627 | 32.9 | 3322 | 67.1 | ||
Current drinking status | <0.0001 | |||||||
Never or occasionally | 7621 | 27.4 | 2532 | 33.2 | 5089 | 66.8 | ||
2~4 times/month | 14,105 | 50.8 | 3371 | 23.9 | 10,734 | 76.1 | ||
2~4 times/week | 6062 | 21.8 | 1934 | 31.9 | 4128 | 68.1 | ||
Year | 0.0055 | |||||||
2016 | 5558 | 20.0 | 1571 | 28.3 | 3987 | 71.7 | ||
2017 | 5549 | 20.0 | 1474 | 26.6 | 4075 | 73.4 | ||
2018 | 5724 | 20.6 | 1594 | 27.8 | 4130 | 72.2 | ||
2019 | 5740 | 20.7 | 1645 | 28.7 | 4095 | 71.3 | ||
2020 | 5217 | 18.8 | 1553 | 29.8 | 3664 | 70.2 |
Variables | Metabolic Syndrome | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | ||||
Physical activity patterns | |||||
Regularly active | 1.00 | ||||
Weekend warrior | 1.29 | (1.02 | – | 1.65) | |
Inactive | 1.38 | (1.25 | – | 1.53) | |
Sex | |||||
male | 1.90 | (1.73 | – | 2.08) | |
female | 1.00 | ||||
Age | |||||
19–29 | 1.00 | ||||
30–39 | 2.88 | (2.40 | – | 3.45) | |
40–49 | 4.37 | (3.64 | – | 5.25) | |
50–59 | 5.60 | (4.65 | – | 6.74) | |
60–69 | 6.19 | (5.11 | – | 7.49) | |
70– | 6.81 | (5.62 | – | 8.25) | |
Marital status | |||||
Married | 1.00 | ||||
Single, widow | 1.21 | (1.10 | – | 1.33) | |
Divorced, Separated | 1.00 | (0.87 | – | 1.15) | |
Educational level | |||||
Middle school or below | 1.62 | (1.45 | – | 1.81) | |
High school | 1.19 | (1.08 | – | 1.30) | |
College or over | 1.00 | ||||
Household income | |||||
Low | 1.00 | ||||
Mid–low | 0.91 | (0.82 | – | 1.01) | |
Mid–high | 0.86 | (0.77 | – | 0.96) | |
High | 0.81 | (0.72 | – | 0.91) | |
Region | |||||
Metropolitan | 1.00 | ||||
Urban | 1.06 | (0.98 | – | 1.14) | |
Rural | 1.12 | (1.02 | – | 1.24) | |
Occupational categories | |||||
White | 1.00 | (0.91 | – | 1.11) | |
Pink | 1.00 | (0.90 | – | 1.12) | |
Blue | 0.85 | (0.77 | – | 0.93) | |
Inoccupation | 1.00 | ||||
Current smoking status | |||||
Non–smoker | 1.00 | ||||
Ex–smoker | 0.99 | (0.89 | – | 1.09) | |
Current–smoker | 1.21 | (1.09 | – | 1.35) | |
Current drinking status | |||||
Never or occasionally | 1.00 | ||||
2~4 times/month | 0.89 | (0.82 | – | 0.97) | |
2~4 times/week | 1.06 | (0.95 | – | 1.17) | |
Year | |||||
2016 | 1.00 | ||||
2017 | 0.89 | (0.79 | – | 1.00) | |
2018 | 0.98 | (0.87 | – | 1.09) | |
2019 | 1.06 | (0.95 | – | 1.19) | |
2020 | 1.09 | (0.98 | – | 1.22) |
Metabolic Syndrome | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Regularly Active | Weekend Warrior | Inactive | ||||||||
OR | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ||||||
Sex | ||||||||||
male | 1.00 | 1.14 | (0.87 | – | 1.50) | 1.41 | (1.24 | – | 1.60) | |
female | 1.00 | 1.70 | (1.00 | – | 2.89) | 1.43 | (1.20 | – | 1.70) | |
Age | ||||||||||
19–29 | 1.00 | 1.29 | (0.62 | – | 2.70) | 1.38 | (0.97 | – | 1.96) | |
30–39 | 1.00 | 1.14 | (0.64 | – | 2.02) | 1.07 | (0.81 | – | 1.41) | |
40–49 | 1.00 | 1.11 | (0.62 | – | 1.98) | 1.81 | (1.41 | – | 2.32) | |
50–59 | 1.00 | 1.49 | (0.94 | – | 2.36) | 1.58 | (1.26 | – | 1.98) | |
60–69 | 1.00 | 1.45 | (0.81 | – | 2.58) | 1.33 | (1.08 | – | 1.64) | |
70 – | 1.00 | 0.99 | (0.32 | – | 3.03) | 1.00 | (0.73 | – | 1.35) | |
Marital status | ||||||||||
Married | 1.00 | 1.35 | (1.02 | – | 1.79) | 1.38 | (1.22 | – | 1.56) | |
Single, widow | 1.00 | 1.10 | (0.64 | – | 1.89) | 1.31 | (1.04 | – | 1.67) | |
Divorced, Separated | 1.00 | 1.19 | (0.37 | – | 3.86) | 1.96 | (1.14 | – | 3.36) | |
Household income | ||||||||||
Low | 1.00 | 3.78 | (1.24 | – | 11.52) | 1.40 | (1.03 | – | 1.91) | |
Mid–low | 1.00 | 0.77 | (0.45 | – | 1.30) | 1.25 | (1.00 | – | 1.56) | |
Mid–high | 1.00 | 1.45 | (0.92 | – | 2.27) | 1.23 | (1.01 | – | 1.49) | |
High | 1.00 | 1.27 | (0.89 | – | 1.82) | 1.63 | (1.38 | – | 1.93) | |
Occupational categories | ||||||||||
White | 1.00 | 1.24 | (0.83 | – | 1.87) | 1.46 | (1.20 | – | 1.76) | |
Pink | 1.00 | 1.29 | (0.66 | – | 2.51) | 1.30 | (0.97 | – | 1.75) | |
Blue | 1.00 | 1.52 | (0.94 | – | 2.45) | 1.44 | (1.13 | – | 1.85) | |
Inoccupation | 1.00 | 1.07 | (0.61 | – | 1.87) | 1.38 | (1.16 | – | 1.63) |
Physical Activity Patterns | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Regularly Active | Weekend Warrior | Inactive | ||||||||
OR | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ||||||
Metabolic syndrome components | Abdominal obesity | 1.00 | 0.96 | (0.76 | – | 1.21) | 1.21 | (1.10 | – | 1.34) |
High BP | 1.00 | 0.99 | (0.79 | – | 1.23) | 0.99 | (0.90 | – | 1.09) | |
Low HDL | 1.00 | 1.24 | (0.99 | – | 1.55) | 1.36 | (1.23 | – | 1.49) | |
High TG | 1.00 | 1.26 | (1.01 | – | 1.58) | 1.24 | (1.13 | – | 1.37) | |
High Glucose | 1.00 | 1.06 | (0.85 | – | 1.32) | 1.18 | (1.08 | – | 1.30) |
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Jang, Y.S.; Joo, H.J.; Jung, Y.H.; Park, E.-C.; Jang, S.-Y. Association of the “Weekend Warrior” and Other Physical Activity Patterns with Metabolic Syndrome in the South Korean Population. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 13434. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013434
Jang YS, Joo HJ, Jung YH, Park E-C, Jang S-Y. Association of the “Weekend Warrior” and Other Physical Activity Patterns with Metabolic Syndrome in the South Korean Population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(20):13434. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013434
Chicago/Turabian StyleJang, Yun Seo, Hye Jin Joo, Yun Hwa Jung, Eun-Cheol Park, and Suk-Yong Jang. 2022. "Association of the “Weekend Warrior” and Other Physical Activity Patterns with Metabolic Syndrome in the South Korean Population" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20: 13434. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013434