Impact of Soil Fertilized with Biomass Ash on Depth-Related Variability of Culturable Bacterial Diversity and Selected Physicochemical Parameters in Spring Barley Cultivation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experiment Model
2.2. Soil Sampling and Preparation for Analysis
2.3. Statistic Analysis
2.4. Microbiological Analysis
2.4.1. Soil Preparation for Microbial Analyses
2.4.2. Mass Spectrometry Isolate Identification
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effect of Weather Conditions on Soil Moisture
3.2. Bulk Density
3.3. Soil pH
3.4. Microorganisms
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Composition of Biomass Ash Used in the Experiment for Fertilization of Winter Oilseed Rape on Podzolic Soil and Chernozem | ||||||
pH H2O | EC µS·cm−1 | Ca (mg kg−1) | K (mg kg−1) | Na (mg kg−1) | P (mg kg−1) | |
12.82 | 8.81 | 145.081 | 129.617 | 1452 | 9244 | |
Fertilizers used in the two field experiments in 2018–2021 podzolic soil and chernozem | ||||||
Fertilizer-Trade Name | Amount of Pure Component in 100 kg of the Fertilizer | Dose (kg/L per 1 ha) | Date of Application | |||
Fertilizer | Pure Component | |||||
Biomass combustion ash | 1.63 %P (3,73 kg P), 19.4% K (23.37 kg K), 4.96% Mg (8.222 kg Mg) | Varied depending on the experimental variant | 30 August 2018 29 August 2019 25 August 2020 | |||
Monoammonium phosphate (MAP) NH4H2PO4 (12%N-NH4, 52% P2O5, 22.7% P) | 22.7 kg P | 150 | 34 | 30 August 2018 (all variants) 29 August 2019 (all variants) 25 August 2020 (all variants) | ||
12 kg N | 18 | |||||
Potassium salt (60%) | 60 kg K | 175 | 105 | 30 August 2018 (NPK variant only) 29 August 2019 (NPK variant only) 28 August 2020 (NPK variant only) | ||
RSM ® 32% N (aqueous solution of urea-ammonium nitrate, density 1.32 kg/dcm3) | 42.2 kg N (32 × 1.32) | 150 | 63.3 | 4 March 2019 10 March 2020 15 March 2021 |
Depth (cm) | Control | NPK | P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
April | |||||||
0–5 | 28.1 a | 31.15 b | 33.01 bc | 34.31 cd | 34.76 cd | 35.91 d | 36.46 d |
10–15 | 29.05 a | 30.01 a | 31.12 a | 31.54 a | 35.94 b | 36.35 b | 37.25 b |
20–25 | 23.26 a | 24.12 ab | 25.69 ab | 26.18 bc | 28.9 cd | 30.14 d | 31.12 d |
August | |||||||
0–5 | 21.01 a | 21.05 a | 22.99 ab | 22.75 ab | 25.21 bc | 25.3 bc | 26.65 c |
10–15 | 26.78 a | 27.53 ab | 27.76 abc | 28.95 abc | 29.4 abc | 30.17 bc | 30.51 c |
20–25 | 28.03 a | 29.02 ab | 29.56 ab | 30.07 abc | 31.03 bc | 31.51 bc | 32.52 c |
Depth (cm) | Control | NPK | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
April | |||||||
0–5 | 31.46 a | 32.12 a | 32.71 a | 35.61 b | 36.39 b | 36.96 b | 37.74 b |
10–15 | 32.98 a | 33.1 a | 33.15 a | 37.12 b | 37.96 b | 38.52 b | 39.05 b |
20–25 | 33.25 a | 34.58 a | 35.98 ab | 37.75 bc | 38.08 bc | 39.12 c | 39.64 c |
August | |||||||
0–5 | 31.37 a | 32.4 ab | 32.8 abc | 34.51 bcd | 35.49 cd | 35.89 d | 36.57 d |
10–15 | 32.3 a | 33.48 a | 34.06 ab | 36.57 bc | 37.19 c | 37.46 c | 38.97 c |
20–25 | 33.09 a | 34.39 a | 35.56 ab | 37.67 bc | 38.59 c | 38.88 c | 39.52 c |
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Pastuszczak, M.; Stanek-Tarkowska, J.; Kačániová, M. Impact of Soil Fertilized with Biomass Ash on Depth-Related Variability of Culturable Bacterial Diversity and Selected Physicochemical Parameters in Spring Barley Cultivation. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 13721. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113721
Pastuszczak M, Stanek-Tarkowska J, Kačániová M. Impact of Soil Fertilized with Biomass Ash on Depth-Related Variability of Culturable Bacterial Diversity and Selected Physicochemical Parameters in Spring Barley Cultivation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(21):13721. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113721
Chicago/Turabian StylePastuszczak, Miłosz, Jadwiga Stanek-Tarkowska, and Miroslava Kačániová. 2022. "Impact of Soil Fertilized with Biomass Ash on Depth-Related Variability of Culturable Bacterial Diversity and Selected Physicochemical Parameters in Spring Barley Cultivation" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21: 13721. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113721