The Results of Orthopaedic Medical Examinations in Adolescent Amateur Weightlifters
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedures
2.2.1. Category 1
2.2.2. Category 2
2.2.3. Category 3
2.2.4. Category 4
2.2.5. Category 5
2.2.6. Category 6
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Adolescent Weightlifters Who Had Received Orthopaedic Treatment
3.2. Results of Orthopaedic Medical Examinations in Young Weightlifters Who Had Not Received Orthopaedic Treatment
3.2.1. Category 1
3.2.2. Categories 2–6
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Male (n = 71) | Female (n = 28) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
age, yrs | 16.2 ± 0.1 | 16.2 ± 0.2 | 0.722 |
height, cm | 167.1 ± 0.6 | 155.1 ± 1.0 | <0.001 |
weight, kg | 70.6 ± 1.4 | 57.4 ± 2.4 | <0.001 |
BMI, % | 25.2 ± 0.5 | 23.8 ± 0.9 | 0.157 |
The duration of competitive | |||
weightlifting | 2.2 ± 1.3 | 1.8 ± 1.2 | 0.164 |
Causes | All (n = 99) | Male (n = 71) | Female (n = 28) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Spondylolysis | 3 (3.0) | 2 (2.8) | 1 (3.6) | 0.844 |
LBP | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.6) | NA |
Shoulder pain | 1 (1.0) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) | NA |
OCD of the elbow | 1 (1.0) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) | NA |
Jumper knee | 2 (2.0) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (3.6) | 0.488 |
Groin pain | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.6) | NA |
Total | 9 (9.1) | 5 (7.0) | 4 (14.3) | 0.266 |
The Location of Pain | All (n = 90) | Male (n = 66) | Female (n = 24) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Low back | 20 (22.2) | 14 (21.2) | 6 (25.0) | 0.766 |
Knee | 8 (8.9) | 6 (9.1) | 2 (8.3) | 0.911 |
Achilles tendon | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | NA |
Ankle | 3 (3.3) | 2 (3.0) | 1 (4.2) | 0.791 |
Variables | All (n = 90) | Male (n = 66) | Female (n = 24) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kemp test | 13 (14.4) | 10 (15.2) | 3 (12.5) | 0.752 |
Mc Murray test | 3 (3.3) | 2 (3.0) | 1 (4.2) | 0.791 |
Valgus stress test of the knee | 3 (3.3) | 2 (3.0) | 1 (4.2) | 0.791 |
Varus stress test of the knee | 2 (2.2) | 2 (3.0) | 0 (0) | NA |
Tenderness at patella tendon | 1 (1.1) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | NA |
Tenderness at Achilles tendon | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (4.2) | NA |
Inversion stress test of the ankle | 2 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 2 (8.3) | NA |
Anterior drawer test of the ankle | 8 (8.9) | 6 (9.1) | 2 (8.3) | 0.911 |
Categories | All (n = 90) | Male (n = 66) | Female (n = 24) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Category 2 | ||||
GJL | 1.5 ± 1.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 0.111 |
Category 3 | ||||
FFD, n (%) | 17 (18.9) | 15 (22.7) | 2 (8.3) | 0.221 |
Thomas test (R), n (%) | 13 (14.4) | 12 (18.2) | 1 (4.2) | 0.172 |
Thomas test (L), n (%) | 12 (13.3) | 11 (16.7) | 1 (4.2) | 0.170 |
SLR (R), ° | 71.4 ± 13.1 | 71.6 ± 1.6 | 70.8 ± 2.7 | 0.905 |
SLR (L), ° | 73.1 ± 13.2 | 73.7 ± 1.6 | 71.3 ± 2.7 | 0.601 |
Ely’s test (R), n (%) | 44 (48.9) | 38 (57.6) | 6 (25.0) | 0.008 |
Ely’s test (L), n (%) | 41 (45.6) | 35 (53.0) | 6 (25.0) | 0.030 |
Dorsiflexion of the ankle joint (R), ° | 13.7 ± 9.4 | 15.2 ± 1.1 | 9.8 ± 1.9 | 0.028 |
Dorsiflexion of the ankle joint (L), ° | 13.3 ± 9.3 | 14.7 ± 1.1 | 9.4 ± 1.9 | 0.023 |
Category 4 | ||||
Q angle (R), ° | 11.3 ± 4.1 | 10.6 ± 0.5 | 13.3 ± 0.8 | 0.018 |
Q angle (L), ° | 11.4 ± 3.7 | 10.9 ± 0.4 | 12.7 ± 0.7 | 0.051 |
Leg heel angle (R), n (%) | 0.615 | |||
Pronation | 13 (14.4) | 10 (15.2) | 3 (12.5) | |
Supination | 7 (7.8) | 4 (6.1) | 3 (12.5) | |
Neutral | 70 (77.8) | 52 (78.8) | 18 (75.0) | |
Leg heel angle (L), n (%) | 0.417 | |||
Pronation | 14 (15.6) | 12 (18.2) | 2 (8.3) | |
Supination | 8 (8.9) | 5 (7.6) | 3 (12.5) | |
Neutral | 68 (75.6) | 49 (74.2) | 19 (79.2) | |
Category 5 | ||||
Circumferencial length of the thigh (R), cm | 50.3 ± 4.1 | 51.1 ± 0.5 | 48.3 ± 0.8 | 0.005 |
Circumferencial length of the thigh (L), cm | 50.4 ± 4.2 | 51.1 ± 0.5 | 48.8 ± 0.8 | 0.021 |
Circumferencial length of the calf (R), cm | 37.2 ± 3.4 | 38.0 ± 3.3 | 35.1 ± 2.7 | <0.001 |
Circumferencial length of the calf (L), cm | 37.4 ± 3.8 | 38.1 ± 0.4 | 35.4 ± 0.7 | <0.001 |
Category 6 | ||||
Low medial longitudinal arch of the foot (R), n (%) | 40 (44.4) | 28 (42.4) | 12 (50.0) | 0.633 |
Low medial longitudinal arch of the foot (L), n (%) | 40 (44.4) | 27 (40.9) | 13 (54.2) | 0.339 |
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Yokoe, T.; Tajima, T.; Yamaguchi, N.; Nagasawa, M.; Morita, Y.; Chosa, E. The Results of Orthopaedic Medical Examinations in Adolescent Amateur Weightlifters. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 13947. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113947
Yokoe T, Tajima T, Yamaguchi N, Nagasawa M, Morita Y, Chosa E. The Results of Orthopaedic Medical Examinations in Adolescent Amateur Weightlifters. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(21):13947. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113947
Chicago/Turabian StyleYokoe, Takuji, Takuya Tajima, Nami Yamaguchi, Makoto Nagasawa, Yudai Morita, and Etsuo Chosa. 2022. "The Results of Orthopaedic Medical Examinations in Adolescent Amateur Weightlifters" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21: 13947. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113947