Neighborhood and Family Characteristics Associated with Adiposity and Physical Activity Engagement among Preschoolers in a Small Rural Community
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Anthropometry
2.2. Accelerometry
2.3. Questionnaires
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Median | IQR | Min–Max | |
---|---|---|---|
Children | |||
Age (y) | 3.3 (mean) | 1.0 (SD) | 2.2–5.6 |
Weight (kg) | 13.2 | 3.5 | 10.6–31.0 |
Height (cm) | 91.2 | 9.6 | 82.8–122.6 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 15.8 | 1.6 | 14.1–20.7 |
BMI percentile | 51.8 | 56.7 | 3.3–98.8 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 45.4 | 4.6 | 41.2–67.0 |
MVPA (min/day) | 65.1 | 26.0 | 17.6–107.2 |
Afternoon MVPA (min/day) | 27.3 | 11.3 | 5.5–53.6 |
Daytime MVPA (min/day) | 41.0 | 22.5 | 15.8–79.0 |
Weekend MVPA (min/day) | 71.0 | 35.8 | 0.0–131.0 |
Weekday screen time (min/day) | 45.0 | 135 | 0.0–240.0 |
Weekend screen time (min/day) | 60.0 | 90 | 0.0–315.0 |
Parents | |||
Age (y) | 38.0 (mean) | 7.8 (SD) | 26.4–49.5 |
Weight (kg) | 73.2 | 27.5 | 51.8–124.5 |
Height (cm) | 166.4 | 7.9 | 152.7–192.7 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.6 | 9.3 | 15.8–43.9 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 88.2 | 23.4 | 65.0–118.9 |
MVPA (min/day) | 69.0 | 99.8 | 5.0–277.0 |
Never | Rarely | Occasionally | Frequently | All the Time | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Encourage to play outside | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (17%) | 17 (57%) | 8 (27%) |
PA with or in front of child | 1 (3%) | 1 (3%) | 8 (27%) | 15 (50%) | 5 (17%) |
Work limits time of child | 3 (10%) | 5 (17%) | 13 (43%) | 8 (27%) | 1 (3%) |
Strongly Disagree | Disagree | Agree | Strongly Agree | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Safe to play outside in neighborhood | 0 (0%) | 2 (7%) | 10 (33%) | 18 (60%) |
Crime makes it unsafe to walk in neighborhood | 23 (77%) | 7 (23%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
Dangers in local parks | 16 (53%) | 11 (37%) | 1 (3%) | 2 (7%) |
Rarely | Once a Month | A Few Times a Month | Once a Week | A Few Times a Week | Daily | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Uses beaches, rivers, nature reserves | 10 (33%) | 7 (23%) | 3 (10%) | 4 (13%) | 5 (17%) | 1 (3%) |
Uses parks or open spaces | 1 (3%) | 3 (10%) | 3 (10%) | 9 (30%) | 10(33%) | 4 (13%) |
Uses public playgrounds | 1 (3%) | 3 (10%) | 2 (7%) | 9 (30%) | 12 (40%) | 3 (10%) |
r | p | 95% CI | r’ | p’ | 95% CI’ | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
My work schedule or other commitments limit the time I have to PLAY with my child (never = 1, all the time = 5) | −0.031 | 0.871 | −0.39, 0.33 | 0.090 | 0.635 | −0.28, 0.44 |
It is safe for my child to play outside in our neighborhood (strongly disagree = 1, strongly agree = 4) | 0.330 | 0.075 | −0.04, 0.62 | 0.453 | 0.012 | 0.09–0.71 |
There are useable sidewalks or footpaths on most of the streets located in my area (strongly disagree = 1, strongly agree = 4) | 0.293 | 0.116 | −0.08, 0.60 | 0.499 | 0.012 | 0.15–0.74 |
There are major barriers or dangers to walking with my child in my neighborhood that make it difficult to get from place to place (strongly disagree = 1, strongly agree = 4) | −0.232 | 0.216 | −055, 0.14 | −0.339 | 0.067 | −0.63, 0.03 |
There are dangers in the local parks so I avoid taking my child there (strongly disagree = 1, strongly agree = 4) | −0.052 | 0.787 | −0.40, 0.31 | −0.388 | 0.034 | −0.66, −0.02 |
Backyard description (no yard at all, no private yard, small yard, medium yard (standard block of land, <¼ acre), large yard (¼ acre or more) | −0.338 | 0.068 | −0.63, 0.04 | −0.488 | 0.006 | −0.73, −0.13 |
Access to play equipment at home (including swing set, climbing gym, slide, etc.) | −0.102 | 0.591 | −0.45–0.27 | 0.138 | 0.468 | −0.24, 0.48 |
My child has a very active nature (never = 1, all the time = 5) | 0.351 | 0.057 | −0.02.0.64 | 0.347 | 0.061 | −0.03, 0.64 |
My child needs me to motivate him/her to play (never = 1, all the time = 5) | −0.184 | 0.329 | −0.51, 0.19 | −0.221 | 0.240 | −0.54, 0.16 |
My child needs company to be motivated to play (never = 1, all the time = 5) | −0.158 | 0.405 | −0.49, 0.22 | −0.242 | 0.198 | −0.56, 0.13 |
How often does your child use parks or open space to play and be physically active in a typical month when the weather is suitable? (rarely = 1, daily = 6) | 0.079 | 0.676 | −0.43, 0.29 | 0.230 | 0.221 | −0.15, 0.55 |
How often does your child use public playgrounds to play and be physically active in a typical month when the weather is suitable (rarely = 1, daily = 6) | 0.176 | 0.351 | −0.20, 0.51 | 0.406 | 0.026 | 0.04–0.68 |
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Guseman, E.H.; Sisson, S.B.; Whipps, J.; Howe, C.A.; Byra, M.M.; Silver, L.E. Neighborhood and Family Characteristics Associated with Adiposity and Physical Activity Engagement among Preschoolers in a Small Rural Community. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 13964. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113964
Guseman EH, Sisson SB, Whipps J, Howe CA, Byra MM, Silver LE. Neighborhood and Family Characteristics Associated with Adiposity and Physical Activity Engagement among Preschoolers in a Small Rural Community. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(21):13964. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113964
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuseman, Emily Hill, Susan B. Sisson, Jonathon Whipps, Cheryl A. Howe, Madelyn M. Byra, and Lucie E. Silver. 2022. "Neighborhood and Family Characteristics Associated with Adiposity and Physical Activity Engagement among Preschoolers in a Small Rural Community" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21: 13964. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113964