Patterns of Active Travel and Physical Activity among Adolescents in Israel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Source and Participants
2.2. Key Measures
2.2.1. Dependent Variables
2.2.2. Independent Variables
2.2.3. Covariates
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.2. Associations between Active Travel, Physical Activity and Key Characteristics
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Unweighted Sample | Weighted Percent |
---|---|---|
Sex | ||
Male | 1861 | 50.8% |
Female | 2546 | 49.2% |
Grade | ||
6 | 954 | 21.2% |
8 | 962 | 20.6% |
10 | 898 | 18.8% |
11–12 | 1593 | 39.5% |
Family Affluence Scale | ||
Low | 1012 | 21.7% |
Medium | 1722 | 38.4% |
High | 1673 | 40.0% |
School Affiliation | ||
Jewish Orthodox | 709 | 14.2% |
Arab | 1575 | 32.0% |
Jewish-Secular | 2123 | 53.8% |
Environment Score | ||
Low 0–2 AT and PA Facilities | 1828 | 41.5% |
Medium 3–6 AT and PA Facilities | 1873 | 42.5% |
High 7–9 AT and PA Facilities | 706 | 16.0% |
School Transport Mode 1 | ||
Walking | 2182 | 51.7% |
Cycling | 154 | 4.3% |
E-Cycling | 222 | 5.9% |
Public Transport | 1147 | 26.3% |
Pupil Transport | 559 | 12.4% |
Private vehicle/Motorcycle | 937 | 21.7% |
Active School Travel Duration 2 | ||
No Active Travel | 1763 | 39.9% |
Under 20 Minutes | 875 | 20.8% |
20 min or more | 1614 | 39.3% |
Cycling | ||
Daily or 1–2 times a week | 1128 | 27.1% |
Rarely or Never | 3279 | 72.9% |
E-Cycling | ||
Daily or 1–2 times a week | 725 | 17.4% |
Rarely or Never | 3682 | 82.6% |
Physical Activity 3 | ||
None (0 days) | 953 | 21.6% |
Some (1–5 days) | 2824 | 64.1% |
Frequent (6–7 days) | 629 | 14.3% |
Self-rating of Sports Skills | ||
One of the best | 1115 | 25.3% |
Good | 1528 | 34.7% |
Average | 1282 | 29.1% |
Less than average | 482 | 10.9% |
Sedentary behavior | ||
Sedentary 4+ hours daily | 1649 | 37.2% |
Sedentary 4< hours daily | 2758 | 62.8% |
Joint Family Activities 4 | ||
Watch television or movies | 2639 | 59.5% |
Play games at home | 1630 | 35.4% |
Eat meals together | 3281 | 73.2% |
Joint Family Activities 4 | ||
Go for walks together | 1021 | 22.2% |
Go places together | 2157 | 47.4% |
Visit friends or family | 1778 | 38.8% |
Engage in sports together | 993 | 22.3% |
Sit together to chat | 2863 | 64.2% |
Characteristic | Active School Travel | Habitual Cycling | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Odds Ratio (95% CI 1) | p-Value | Odds Ratio (95% CI 1) | p-Value | |
Gender | ||||
Male | 1.463 (1.284–1.668) | 0.000 ** | 3.381 (2.904–3.937) | 0.000 ** |
Female | REF | REF | REF | REF |
Grade | ||||
6 | 1.311 (1.094–1.570) | 0.003 ** | 2.821 (2.303–3.455) | 0.000 ** |
8 | 0.800 (0.672–0.953) | 0.012 * | 1.952 (1.582–2.410) | 0.000 ** |
10 | 1.125 (0.944–1.340) | 0.189 | 1.316 (1.051–1.646) | 0.016 * |
11–12 | REF | REF | REF | REF |
Family Affluence Scale | ||||
Low | REF | REF | REF | REF |
Medium | 0.974 (0.822–1.153) | 0.757 | 1.129 (0.923–1.381) | 0.238 |
High | 0.938 (0.784–1.121) | 0.481 | 1.299 (1.050–1.608 | 0.016 * |
School Affiliation | ||||
Jewish Orthodox | REF | REF | REF | REF |
Jewish-Secular | 1.905 (1.575–2.303) | 0.000 ** | 0.883 (0.706–1.105) | 0.277 |
Arab | 2.001 (1.620–2.470) | 0.000 ** | 2.252 (1.767–2.869) | 0.000 ** |
Sedentary Behavior 2 | ||||
Sedentary 4+ hours | REF | REF | REF | REF |
Sedentary 4< hours | 1.190 (1.043–1.357) | 0.010 * | 1.397 (1.187–1.643) | 0.000 ** |
Days of 60 Minutes Physical Activity | ||||
None (0 days) | 0.723 (0.571–0.916) | 0.007 ** | 0.508 (0.389–0.662) | 0.000 ** |
Some (1–5 days) | 0.958 (0.787–1.168) | 0.674 | 0.675 (0.551–0.827) | 0.000 ** |
Frequent (6–7 days) | REF | REF | REF | REF |
Self-rating of Sports Skills | ||||
One of the best | 1.109 (0.871–1.412) | 0.403 | 2.394 (1.723–3.326) | 0.000 ** |
Good | 1.126 (0.901–1.407) | 0.298 | 2.115 (1.536–2.912) | 0.000 ** |
Average | 1.035 (0.828–1.293) | 0.762 | 1.637 (1.177–2.278) | 0.003 ** |
Less than Average | REF | REF | REF | REF |
AT and PA Facilities in the Environment | ||||
Low | 1.460 (1.182–1.804) | 0.000 ** | 0.694 (0.539–0.893) | 0.005 ** |
Medium | 1.074 (0.888–1.298) | 0.463 | 0.954 (0.761–1.196) | 0.685 |
High | REF | REF | REF | REF |
Model | β (Standard Error) | 95% CI 1 for β | Beta | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | (Constant) | −0.07 (0.06) | −0.18–0.04 | 0.231 | |
Watch television or movies | −0.03 (0.02) | −0.06-−0.00 | −0.039 | 0.033 | |
Play games at home | 0.00 (0.01) | −0.03–0.03 | 0.001 | 0.955 | |
Eat meals together | 0.06 (0.02) | 0.02−0.09 | 0.058 | 0.002 | |
Go for walks together | 0.02 (0.02) | −0.01–0.05 | 0.026 | 0.245 | |
Go places together | −0.02 (0.02) | −0.06–0.02 | −0.022 | 0.324 | |
Visit friends or family | 0.00 (0.02) | −0.04–0.04 | 0.000 | 0.992 | |
Do sports together | 0.01 (0.02) | −0.02–0.04 | 0.019 | 0.377 | |
Sit together to chat | −0.01 (0.02) | −0.04–0.02 | −0.013 | 0.501 | |
6 | (Constant) | −0.09 (0.05) | −0.20–0.02 | 0.092 | |
Watch television or movies | −0.04 (0.01) | −0.06–−0.01 | −0.043 | 0.011 | |
Eat meals together | 0.05 (0.02) | 0.02–0.08 | 0.049 | 0.005 | |
Go for walks together | 0.02 (0.01) | −0.01–0.05 | 0.027 | 0.116 | |
7 | (Constant) | −0.10 (0.05) | −0.21–0.00 | 0.053 | |
Watch television or movies | −0.03 (0.01) | −0.06–0.00 | −0.037 | 0.027 | |
Eat meals together | 0.06 (0.02) | 0.03−0.09 | 0.058 | 0.001 |
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Levi, S.; Baron-Epel, O.; Tesler, R.; Harel-Fisch, Y. Patterns of Active Travel and Physical Activity among Adolescents in Israel. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 14115. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114115
Levi S, Baron-Epel O, Tesler R, Harel-Fisch Y. Patterns of Active Travel and Physical Activity among Adolescents in Israel. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(21):14115. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114115
Chicago/Turabian StyleLevi, Sharon, Orna Baron-Epel, Riki Tesler, and Yossi Harel-Fisch. 2022. "Patterns of Active Travel and Physical Activity among Adolescents in Israel" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21: 14115. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114115