Nurse Leadership and Work Environment Association with Outcome Expectancy and Self-Efficacy in Evidence-Based Practice among Hospital Nurses in The Netherlands: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Setting
2.3. Sample
2.4. Data Collection
2.5. SE and OE-EBP Scale
2.6. Leadership and Work Environment Scale
2.7. Covariates
2.8. Reference Items
2.9. Procedure
2.10. Ethical Considerations
2.11. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics and Survey Findings
3.2. Perceived Support from Work Environment
3.3. Perceived Support from Nurses’ Leaders
3.4. Covariates in the Models
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Unanswered Questions and Further Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Scale (N Items) | Mean (SD) | Skewness (SE) | Kurtosis (SE) | Cronbach’s Alpha | Pearson Correlation 5 r (p-Value) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SE-EBP 1 (29) | 176.27 (47.01) | −0.71 (0.14) | 0.92 (0.28) | 0.98 | 0.83 (p < 0.001) |
OE-EBP 2 (10) | 56.75 (12.40) | −0.93 (0.14) | 1.6 (0.28) | 0.95 | 0.76 (p < 0.001) |
PLS 3 (10) | 32.20 (13.49) | −0.38 (0.14) | −0.19 (0.28) | 0.96 | 0.83 (p < 0.001) |
PWS 4 (8) | 29.92 (7.49) | −0.36 (0.14) | 0.29 (0.28) | 0.80 | 0.67 (p < 0.001) |
Hospitals 1–8 | Totals | H1 | H2 | H3 | H4 | H5 | H6 | H7 | H8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Participants | |||||||||
SE and OE Scale | 439 | 67 | 27 | 12 | 134 | 16 | 82 | 95 | 6 |
LS and WS Scale | 322 | 47 | 21 | 11 | 93 | 12 | 64 | 68 | 6 |
Matched scales | 306 | 41 | 19 | 11 | 92 | 11 | 61 | 65 | 6 |
Educational level | |||||||||
Vocational Nurse (NLQF4) | 49 | 4 | 1 | - | 19 | 3 | 9 | 13 | - |
Professional Nurse | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
Bachelor Nurse (NLQF6) | 136 | 17 | 18 | 9 | 36 | 3 | 24 | 23 | 6 |
Specialized Nurse (NLQF6) | 101 | 15 | - | 1 | 30 | 5 | 24 | 26 | - |
Nurse Specialist (NLQF7) | 7 | 1 | - | - | 4 | - | 1 | 1 | - |
Nurse Academic (NLQF8) | 12 | 4 | - | 1 | 2 | - | 3 | 2 | - |
Student | |||||||||
No | 273 | 33 | 15 | 10 | 85 | 10 | 55 | 59 | 6 |
Yes | 33 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 6 | 6 | - |
Collaboration in EBP | |||||||||
None | 227 | 34 | 11 | 2 | 74 | 8 | 46 | 47 | 5 |
Care Discussion | 5 | 2 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - |
EBP Workgroup | 69 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 16 | 3 | 12 | 17 | 1 |
Journal Club | 5 | - | - | 2 | 1 | - | 2 | - | - |
Undertaking EBP activities | |||||||||
None | 97 | 12 | 2 | 3 | 34 | 2 | 20 | 22 | 2 |
Yes | 209 | 29 | 17 | 8 | 58 | 9 | 41 | 43 | 4 |
Variable | Mean (SD) | ||||||||
Age | 37.67 (12.34) | 38.17 (13.74) | 30.37 (7.40) | 34.55 (8.35) | 38.92 (12.09) | 37.18 (13.57) | 35.82 (10.65) | 40.69 (14.00) | 30.83 (8.26) |
Working Experience | 16.41 (12.43) | 16.46 (13.28) | 9.74 (8.25) | 12.36 (8.30) | 17.54 (12.15) | 18.27 (13.90) | 14.35 (11.08) | 19.68 (14.07) | 9.25 (7.87) |
SE-EBP Max. = 290 | 176.27 (47.01) | 182.56 (42.69) | 177.68 (23.89) | 184.82 (32.11) | 173.26 (45.60) | 167.82 (26.14) | 178.54 (52.39) | 172.29 (57.15) | 195.00 (25.15) |
OE-EBP Max. = 100 | 56.75 (12.40) | 57.39 (13.17) | 57.37 (7.59) | 60.55 (7.88) | 54.66 (12.69) | 55.18 (11.43) | 58.59 (11.20) | 56.78 (14.72) | 59.17 (3.97) |
PLS Max. = 70 | 32.20 (13.49) | 29.76 (15.78) | 37.21 (12.03) | 36.27 (12.59) | 32.57 (12.23) | 33.73 (12.81) | 26.43 (14.13) | 36.15 (11.17) | 33.00 (20.74) |
PWS Max. = 80 | 29.92 (7.49) | 26.56 (9.34) | 32.05 (5.66) | 34.18 (5.55) | 30.83 (7.51) | 32.73 (5.83) | 28.28 (5.72) | 30.75 (7.57) | 27.00 (9.38) |
Crude Model | Model with Nurses’ Perceived Work Environment Support 1 | Model with Perceived Support from Nurses’ Leaders 2 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta | B (SE) | 95%-CI | z | p-Value | Beta | B (SE) | 95%-CI | z | p-Value | Beta | B (SE) | 95%-CI | z | p-Value | |
Cons. | . | 128.83 (10.95) | 107.38–150.29 | 11.77 | <0.001 | 123.08 (10.91) | 101.61–144.55 | 11.28 | <0.001 | . | 146.13 (8.73) | 128.95–163.30 | 16.74 | <0.001 | |
PLS 3 | −0.08 | −0.29 (0.26) | −0.78 | −1.08 | 0.28 | 0.11 | 0.39 (0.17) | 0.05–0.74 | 2.27 | 0.024 | |||||
PWS 4 | 0.29 | 1.88 (0.47) | 0.95–2.80 | 3.99 | <0.001 | 0.20 | 1.25 (0.31) | 0.65–1.85 | 4.10 | <0.001 | |||||
Educational level | 0.25 | 13.09 (2.56) | 8.04–18.13 | 5.11 | <0.001 | 0.29 | 13.39 (2.63) | 8.21–18.57 | 5.08 | <0.001 | |||||
Undertaking EBP activities | 0.22 | 22.39 (5.31) | 11.95–32.83 | 4.22 | <0.001 | 0.51 | 23.88 (5.40) | 8.21–18.57 | 5.08 | <0.001 | |||||
Work experience | −0.27 | −1.03 (0.19) | −1.41–−0.65 | −5.34 | <0.001 | −0.02 | −1.02 (0.20) | −1.41–−0.63 | −5.15 | <0.001 |
Crude Model | Model with Nurses’ Perceived Work Environment Support 1 | Model with Perceived Support from Nurses’ Leaders 2 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta | B (SE) | 95%-CI | z | p-Value | Beta | B (SE) | 95%-CI | z | p-Value | Beta | B (SE) | 95%-CI | z | p-Value | |
Constante | . | 44.42 (2.91) | 38.70–50.14 | 15.28 | <0.001 | . | 42.62 (2.91) | 36.91–48.32 | 14.64 | <0.001 | . | 48.69 (2.35) | 44.06–53.32 | 20.69 | <0.001 |
PLS 3 | −0.06 | −0.05 (0.07) | −0.19–0.08 | −0.78 | 0.439 | 0.14 | 0.13 (0.05) | 0.03–0.22 | 2.69 | 0.008 | |||||
PWS 4 | 0.28 | 0.47 (0.12) | 0.22–0.71 | 3.75 | <0.001 | 0.21 | 0.35 (0.08) | 0.19–0.51 | 4.35 | <0.001 | |||||
Educational level | 0.27 | 3.67 (0.72) | 2.26–5.07 | 5.12 | <0.001 | 0.28 | 3.79 (0.75) | 2.32–5.26 | 5.08 | <0.001 | |||||
Student | −0.12 | −4.78 (2.10) | −8.90–−0.67 | −2.28 | .023 | −0.13 | −5.04 (2.17) | −9.31–−0.76 | −2.32 | 0.021 | |||||
Undertaking EBP activities | 0.20 | 5.37 (1.42) | 2.59–8.15 | 3.79 | <0.001 | 0.22 | 5.81 (1.45) | 2.95–8.68 | 4.00 | <0.001 | |||||
Work experience | −0.27 | −0.27 (0.05) | −0.38–−0.17 | −5.24 | <0.001 | −0.27 | −0.27 (05) | −0.38–−0.17 | −5.05 | <0.001 |
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Hoegen, P.; Vos, M.; van Oostveen, C.; de Bot, C.; Echteld, M.A.; Maaskant, J.; Vermeulen, H. Nurse Leadership and Work Environment Association with Outcome Expectancy and Self-Efficacy in Evidence-Based Practice among Hospital Nurses in The Netherlands: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 14422. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114422
Hoegen P, Vos M, van Oostveen C, de Bot C, Echteld MA, Maaskant J, Vermeulen H. Nurse Leadership and Work Environment Association with Outcome Expectancy and Self-Efficacy in Evidence-Based Practice among Hospital Nurses in The Netherlands: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(21):14422. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114422
Chicago/Turabian StyleHoegen, Peter, Mireille Vos, Catharina van Oostveen, Cindy de Bot, Michael A. Echteld, Jolanda Maaskant, and Hester Vermeulen. 2022. "Nurse Leadership and Work Environment Association with Outcome Expectancy and Self-Efficacy in Evidence-Based Practice among Hospital Nurses in The Netherlands: A Cross-Sectional Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21: 14422. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114422