Research on Niche Evaluation of Photovoltaic Agriculture in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Preliminary Construction of Niche Evaluation Index System
2.1. Analytical Framework
2.2. The Ecological Niche of Photovoltaic Agriculture
2.2.1. Photovoltaic Agriculture
2.2.2. The Ecosystem of Photovoltaic Agriculture
Natural-Ecological Subsystem
Economic-Ecological Subsystem
Social-Ecological Subsystem
2.2.3. Concept Definition of the Ecological Niche of Photovoltaic Agriculture
2.3. Preliminary Construction of the Niche Evaluation Index System of Photovoltaic Agriculture
2.3.1. Resource Niche
2.3.2. Technology Niche
2.3.3. Policy Niche
2.3.4. Environmental Niche
2.3.5. Social Niche
2.3.6. Economic Niche
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Data Sources
3.2. Rough Set
3.3. DANP
3.3.1. Determine the Network of Indicators
3.3.2. Determine the Weights
3.4. Cloud Model
4. Results
4.1. Reduction of Evaluation Indicators Based on Rough Set
4.1.1. Establishment of Niche Evaluation Decision Table of Photovoltaic Agriculture
4.1.2. Attribute Reduction
4.1.3. Construction of Final Niche Evaluation Index System of Photovoltaic Agriculture
4.2. Weight Determination Based on DANP
4.3. Niche Evaluation Based on the Cloud Model
4.3.1. Indicator Comment Set
4.3.2. Niche Evaluation of Photovoltaic Agriculture
5. Discussion and Conclusions
5.1. Discussion
5.1.1. The Level of Resource Niche
5.1.2. The Level of Technology Niche
5.1.3. The Level of Policy Niche
5.1.4. The Level of Environmental Niche
5.1.5. The Level of Social Niche
5.1.6. The Level of Economic Niche
5.1.7. The Level of Integrated Niche
5.2. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Primary Indicators | Secondary Indicators | Primary Indicators | Secondary Indicators |
---|---|---|---|
Resource niche | Agricultural natural resources | Environmental niche | Conservation of fossil resources |
Market resources | Microclimate environment improvement | ||
Capital resources | Air quality improvement | ||
Light resources | Greenhouse gas emission reduction | ||
Human resources | Conservation of water and soil | ||
Technology niche | Scientific research institutions | Social niche | Driving the development of smart agriculture |
Academic conferences | Structure optimization of the energy industry and agriculture | ||
Academic papers | Alleviating the contradiction between supply and demand for clean energy | ||
Invention patents | Promoting food security | ||
Technical improvement | Ensuring energy security | ||
Technical norms | Providing employment | ||
Policy niche | Agriculture policy | Economic niche | Increase in land output |
Special policy | Agricultural output value | ||
Financial policy | Promoting the development of related industries | ||
Land use policy | Output value of tourism | ||
Photovoltaic industry policy | Output value of photovoltaic power generation |
Score | Meaning (Row Element to Column Element) |
---|---|
0 | No effect |
1 | Very weak effect |
2 | Weak effect |
3 | Strong effect |
4 | Very strong effect |
Primary Indicators | Secondary Indicators | Genetic Algorithm | Johnson’s Algorithm | Redundancy Indicators | Reduction | Support (%) | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Resource niche | {C1,C2,C3,C4,C5} | {C1,C2,C3,C5} | {C1,C2,C3,C5} | C4 | {C1,C2,C3,C5} | 100 | 4 |
{C2,C3,C4,C5} | |||||||
Technology niche | {C6,C7,C8,C9,C10,C11} | {C6,C8,C10,C11} | {C6,C8,C9,C11} | C7,C10 | {C6,C8,C9,C11} | 100 | 4 |
{C8,C9,C10,C11} | |||||||
{C6,C8,C9,C11} | |||||||
Policy niche | {C12,C13, C14,C15,C16} | {C12,C13,C15,C16} | {C12,C13,C15,C16} | C14 | {C12,C13,C15,C16} | 100 | 4 |
Environmental niche | {C17,C18,C19,C20,C21} | {C17,C18,C20,C21} | {C17,C18,C20,C21} | C19 | {C17,C18,C20,C21} | 100 | 4 |
{C18,C19,C20,C21} | |||||||
Social niche | {C22,C23,C24,C25,C26,C27} | {C22,C23,C24,C26} | {C22,C23,C24,C26} | C25,C27 | {C22,C23,C24,C26} | 100 | 4 |
{C23,C24,C26,C27} | |||||||
Economic niche | {C28,C29,C30,C31,C32} | {C28,C29,C31,C32} | {C28,C29,C30,C32} | C31 | {C28,C29,C30,C32} | 100 | 4 |
{C28,C29,C30,C32} |
Primary Indicators | Secondary Indicators | Primary Indicators | Secondary Indicators |
---|---|---|---|
Resource niche | Agricultural natural resources | Environmental niche | Conservation of fossil resources |
Market resources | Microclimate environment improvement | ||
Capital resources | Greenhouse gas emission reduction | ||
Human resources | Conservation of water and soil | ||
Technology niche | Scientific research institutions | Social niche | Driving the development of smart agriculture |
Academic papers | Structure optimization of energy industry and agriculture | ||
Invention patents | Alleviating the contradiction between supply and demand for clean energy | ||
Technical norms | Ensuring energy security | ||
Policy niche | Agriculture policy | Economic niche | Increase in land output |
Special policy | Agricultural output value | ||
Land use policy | Promoting the development of related industries | ||
Photovoltaic industry policy | Output value of photovoltaic power generation |
B11 | B12 | B13 | B14 | B21 | B22 | B23 | B24 | B31 | B32 | B33 | B34 | B41 | B42 | B43 | B44 | B51 | B52 | B53 | B54 | B61 | B62 | B63 | B64 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B11 | 0.030 | 0.035 | 0.032 | 0.036 | 0.037 | 0.043 | 0.043 | 0.043 | 0.039 | 0.042 | 0.042 | 0.037 | 0.044 | 0.044 | 0.042 | 0.044 | 0.045 | 0.046 | 0.045 | 0.044 | 0.044 | 0.040 | 0.043 | 0.045 |
B12 | 0.035 | 0.028 | 0.037 | 0.036 | 0.044 | 0.042 | 0.042 | 0.042 | 0.038 | 0.039 | 0.038 | 0.040 | 0.042 | 0.039 | 0.040 | 0.039 | 0.044 | 0.041 | 0.044 | 0.043 | 0.039 | 0.039 | 0.042 | 0.040 |
B13 | 0.044 | 0.041 | 0.032 | 0.044 | 0.049 | 0.048 | 0.048 | 0.047 | 0.047 | 0.044 | 0.044 | 0.045 | 0.049 | 0.052 | 0.051 | 0.052 | 0.050 | 0.051 | 0.050 | 0.049 | 0.049 | 0.048 | 0.044 | 0.046 |
B14 | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.043 | 0.028 | 0.048 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.047 | 0.046 | 0.046 | 0.048 | 0.046 | 0.048 | 0.048 | 0.048 | 0.050 | 0.038 | 0.043 | 0.042 | 0.040 |
B21 | 0.040 | 0.037 | 0.036 | 0.039 | 0.024 | 0.031 | 0.033 | 0.031 | 0.043 | 0.043 | 0.040 | 0.042 | 0.036 | 0.031 | 0.033 | 0.037 | 0.036 | 0.038 | 0.039 | 0.036 | 0.034 | 0.035 | 0.037 | 0.038 |
B22 | 0.046 | 0.045 | 0.046 | 0.044 | 0.038 | 0.033 | 0.037 | 0.038 | 0.046 | 0.049 | 0.048 | 0.048 | 0.044 | 0.042 | 0.043 | 0.040 | 0.044 | 0.043 | 0.045 | 0.044 | 0.040 | 0.043 | 0.042 | 0.041 |
B23 | 0.041 | 0.042 | 0.044 | 0.042 | 0.036 | 0.034 | 0.027 | 0.034 | 0.046 | 0.044 | 0.046 | 0.045 | 0.038 | 0.039 | 0.040 | 0.040 | 0.041 | 0.038 | 0.040 | 0.041 | 0.040 | 0.040 | 0.039 | 0.038 |
B24 | 0.040 | 0.042 | 0.041 | 0.042 | 0.034 | 0.034 | 0.035 | 0.028 | 0.043 | 0.043 | 0.046 | 0.045 | 0.036 | 0.042 | 0.038 | 0.037 | 0.041 | 0.043 | 0.039 | 0.041 | 0.043 | 0.040 | 0.039 | 0.041 |
B31 | 0.041 | 0.043 | 0.043 | 0.041 | 0.041 | 0.041 | 0.041 | 0.041 | 0.037 | 0.037 | 0.037 | 0.029 | 0.041 | 0.045 | 0.043 | 0.044 | 0.041 | 0.042 | 0.041 | 0.045 | 0.041 | 0.040 | 0.043 | 0.043 |
B32 | 0.044 | 0.043 | 0.043 | 0.045 | 0.040 | 0.040 | 0.041 | 0.041 | 0.036 | 0.028 | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.044 | 0.044 | 0.043 | 0.044 | 0.043 | 0.039 | 0.041 | 0.042 | 0.041 | 0.042 | 0.040 | 0.043 |
B33 | 0.042 | 0.042 | 0.042 | 0.040 | 0.039 | 0.039 | 0.040 | 0.040 | 0.035 | 0.034 | 0.026 | 0.034 | 0.042 | 0.040 | 0.045 | 0.042 | 0.039 | 0.040 | 0.042 | 0.040 | 0.039 | 0.041 | 0.039 | 0.036 |
B34 | 0.043 | 0.042 | 0.042 | 0.044 | 0.040 | 0.040 | 0.038 | 0.038 | 0.026 | 0.036 | 0.036 | 0.037 | 0.046 | 0.044 | 0.042 | 0.043 | 0.042 | 0.044 | 0.040 | 0.038 | 0.040 | 0.038 | 0.039 | 0.039 |
B41 | 0.048 | 0.048 | 0.046 | 0.044 | 0.046 | 0.039 | 0.045 | 0.044 | 0.045 | 0.047 | 0.045 | 0.043 | 0.029 | 0.041 | 0.036 | 0.037 | 0.038 | 0.040 | 0.037 | 0.040 | 0.044 | 0.038 | 0.046 | 0.049 |
B42 | 0.049 | 0.050 | 0.051 | 0.051 | 0.055 | 0.059 | 0.055 | 0.054 | 0.051 | 0.053 | 0.050 | 0.049 | 0.044 | 0.033 | 0.045 | 0.041 | 0.043 | 0.045 | 0.046 | 0.045 | 0.052 | 0.056 | 0.048 | 0.050 |
B43 | 0.054 | 0.054 | 0.052 | 0.058 | 0.052 | 0.056 | 0.053 | 0.052 | 0.053 | 0.047 | 0.052 | 0.051 | 0.045 | 0.044 | 0.036 | 0.046 | 0.055 | 0.053 | 0.054 | 0.053 | 0.050 | 0.053 | 0.049 | 0.051 |
B44 | 0.052 | 0.052 | 0.054 | 0.051 | 0.051 | 0.049 | 0.051 | 0.053 | 0.047 | 0.049 | 0.050 | 0.053 | 0.040 | 0.040 | 0.041 | 0.034 | 0.053 | 0.052 | 0.053 | 0.051 | 0.048 | 0.047 | 0.051 | 0.045 |
B51 | 0.037 | 0.038 | 0.038 | 0.038 | 0.036 | 0.036 | 0.038 | 0.035 | 0.032 | 0.030 | 0.032 | 0.030 | 0.042 | 0.040 | 0.043 | 0.040 | 0.024 | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.033 | 0.034 | 0.036 | 0.038 | 0.045 |
B52 | 0.042 | 0.039 | 0.042 | 0.041 | 0.043 | 0.040 | 0.042 | 0.041 | 0.035 | 0.037 | 0.036 | 0.033 | 0.046 | 0.047 | 0.043 | 0.044 | 0.035 | 0.028 | 0.035 | 0.039 | 0.047 | 0.051 | 0.051 | 0.046 |
B53 | 0.036 | 0.038 | 0.037 | 0.040 | 0.039 | 0.038 | 0.037 | 0.040 | 0.040 | 0.041 | 0.041 | 0.042 | 0.042 | 0.039 | 0.043 | 0.039 | 0.037 | 0.032 | 0.026 | 0.032 | 0.049 | 0.044 | 0.041 | 0.044 |
B54 | 0.043 | 0.044 | 0.041 | 0.039 | 0.042 | 0.046 | 0.044 | 0.044 | 0.043 | 0.042 | 0.041 | 0.045 | 0.042 | 0.046 | 0.042 | 0.049 | 0.037 | 0.038 | 0.037 | 0.030 | 0.054 | 0.053 | 0.054 | 0.049 |
B61 | 0.040 | 0.040 | 0.034 | 0.039 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.043 | 0.043 | 0.041 | 0.041 | 0.041 | 0.041 | 0.040 | 0.044 | 0.042 | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.041 | 0.040 | 0.037 | 0.026 | 0.036 | 0.036 | 0.035 |
B62 | 0.040 | 0.041 | 0.044 | 0.043 | 0.046 | 0.045 | 0.044 | 0.046 | 0.051 | 0.051 | 0.045 | 0.051 | 0.047 | 0.045 | 0.046 | 0.048 | 0.046 | 0.042 | 0.047 | 0.043 | 0.037 | 0.030 | 0.036 | 0.041 |
B63 | 0.039 | 0.039 | 0.039 | 0.038 | 0.041 | 0.041 | 0.039 | 0.040 | 0.040 | 0.043 | 0.043 | 0.044 | 0.037 | 0.037 | 0.038 | 0.040 | 0.039 | 0.040 | 0.040 | 0.042 | 0.034 | 0.035 | 0.025 | 0.032 |
B64 | 0.038 | 0.038 | 0.041 | 0.037 | 0.036 | 0.036 | 0.041 | 0.038 | 0.039 | 0.036 | 0.042 | 0.035 | 0.038 | 0.036 | 0.037 | 0.039 | 0.038 | 0.039 | 0.036 | 0.041 | 0.036 | 0.031 | 0.034 | 0.025 |
Primary Indicators | Secondary Indicators | Weight 1 | Weight 2 | Primary Indicators | Secondary Indicators | Weight 1 | Weight 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Resource niche | B11 | 0.0440 | 0.2566 | Environmental niche | B41 | 0.0362 | 0.2263 |
B12 | 0.0410 | 0.2391 | B42 | 0.0411 | 0.2569 | ||
B13 | 0.0397 | 0.2315 | B43 | 0.0391 | 0.2444 | ||
B14 | 0.0468 | 0.2729 | B44 | 0.0436 | 0.2725 | ||
Technology niche | B21 | 0.0422 | 0.2218 | Social niche | B51 | 0.0394 | 0.2263 |
B22 | 0.0488 | 0.2564 | B52 | 0.0440 | 0.2569 | ||
B23 | 0.0508 | 0.2669 | B53 | 0.0387 | 0.2444 | ||
B24 | 0.0485 | 0.2549 | B54 | 0.0371 | 0.2725 | ||
Policy niche | B31 | 0.0362 | 0.2280 | Economic niche | B61 | 0.0410 | 0.2540 |
B32 | 0.0429 | 0.2702 | B62 | 0.0410 | 0.2540 | ||
B33 | 0.0399 | 0.2513 | B63 | 0.0393 | 0.2435 | ||
B34 | 0.0398 | 0.2506 | B64 | 0.0401 | 0.2485 |
Primary Indicators | Secondary Indicators | Expected Value | Entropy | Expected Value | Entropy | Super Entropy |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Resource niche | B11 | 3.75 | 0.8507 | 3.0360 | 0.7916 | 0.1 |
B12 | 3.5 | 0.8272 | ||||
B13 | 2.5 | 0.7609 | ||||
B14 | 2.3 | 0.7327 | ||||
Technology niche | B21 | 1.6 | 0.821 | 1.8182 | 0.7844 | 0.1 |
B22 | 1.85 | 0.745 | ||||
B23 | 1.9 | 0.788 | ||||
B24 | 1.9 | 0.788 | ||||
Policy niche | B31 | 2.9 | 0.8522 | 2.2597 | 0.8867 | 0.1 |
B32 | 0.8 | 0.7678 | ||||
B33 | 2.1 | 0.9119 | ||||
B34 | 3.1 | 1.0208 | ||||
Environmental niche | B41 | 2.1 | 0.8522 | 2.1812 | 0.8433 | 0.1 |
B42 | 1.5 | 0.7609 | ||||
B43 | 2.1 | 0.9119 | ||||
B44 | 2.9 | 0.8522 | ||||
Social niche | B51 | 1.4 | 0.8208 | 1.7334 | 0.8255 | 0.1 |
B52 | 1.5 | 0.7609 | ||||
B53 | 2.1 | 0.9119 | ||||
B54 | 1.85 | 0.8127 | ||||
Economic niche | B61 | 1.9 | 0.6407 | 1.6872 | 0.7111 | 0.1 |
B62 | 1.5 | 0.6882 | ||||
B63 | 1.3 | 0.8013 | ||||
B64 | 2.1 | 0.7182 | ||||
Integrated niche | 2.1141 | 0.8085 | 0.1 |
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Chen, J.; Wang, L.; Li, Y. Research on Niche Evaluation of Photovoltaic Agriculture in China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 14702. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214702
Chen J, Wang L, Li Y. Research on Niche Evaluation of Photovoltaic Agriculture in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(22):14702. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214702
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Jian, Lingjun Wang, and Yuanyuan Li. 2022. "Research on Niche Evaluation of Photovoltaic Agriculture in China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22: 14702. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214702